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Sutton Hoo ? Ship Burial, 2006.
An overview of the history and excavation of the Sutton Hoo burial ship in 1939.
2,449 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In 1939, at a private estate in southeastern Suffolk, the remains of a ship-burial that occurred sometime in the middle of the seventh century was uncovered. This paper looks at how the burial-ship had never been to sea, but reflected an old Scandinavian custom of setting the dead hero or king afloat, surrounded with treasures and how it became one the most famous and sophisticated excavations of the twentieth century.
From the Paper
"From consideration of the effects found in the burial ship, it is obvious that the Anglo-Saxons had developed a sophisticated culture. The workmanship of the gold objects found is of very high degree, and other objects, such as a small harp, signify that music and poetry held a favored position in the court life of the times. In addition there are many items of solid gold and silver, gold and silver coins (which were useful in determining the date of the burial), and the other objects that imply a high level of material wealth. The presence of Christian objects (and the absence of a body) implies that the pagan customs were rapidly being superseded by Christian beliefs."
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Ancient Egypt, 2005.
An overview of the architecture, social set-up and economics of ancient Egypt.
3,183 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper examines life in ancient Egypt by providing information on different aspects of this fascinating time in history. The paper examines the architecture of the time, including the pyramids and tombs and other public buildings. The paper looks at the social classes which existed in ancient Egypt, from the Pharoah down to the lowly farmers. The paper also discusses divorce, hygiene, entertainment, religion and the rights of women.
From the Paper
"Cleanliness was very important to the Egyptians, and most people bathed every day, using a cleansing cream consisting of lime, oil, and perfume. Additionally, people rubbed themselves with perfumed oil daily, made by mixing flowers and scented oil with fat. People of all ages, children included, painted their faces. Green malachite was mixed with oil to make "Khol", and was used to accent the eyes, it was also believed to have magical powers. Red ochre was mixed with water and applied to the lips and cheeks, and henna was used to dye fingernails."
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King Tutankhamen, 2005.
Examines the history and influence of this Egyptian Pharoah.
1,701 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Born at Akhetaton in 1343 BC, Tutankhamen was an Egyptian Pharoah of the 18th dynasty. The paper examines the state of Egypt at the time that Tutankhamen was born and ruled. It examines the important discovery of King Tut's tomb and shows how it influenced the fields of archaeology and history, the study of forensics and the culture of the modern world.
From the Paper
"The primary significance of King Tutankhamen is the discovery of his tomb in the Valley of the Kings by English archaeologists Howard Carter and the Earl of Carnarvon in 1922. For years archaeologists had been routinely excavating and documenting the burials in the Valley of the Kings. But the tombs, while nonetheless containing valuable information, had been plundered by grave robbers throughout the centuries. The tomb of Tutankhamen was a spectacular find, having escaped the ravages of time and the plundering of grave robbers. Carter was the first to lay eyes on the riches of the burial chamber in more than two thousand years."
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The Aztecs, 2005.
Discusses the extraordinary traditions and culture of the Aztec civilization of South America.
1,814 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The great Aztec civilization was so foreign and so utterly isolated from other world civilizations, that, when the Spanish conquistadors first saw it, their emotions were a mixture of awe and horror. They were awed by the artistic, technological and social advances they witnessed; but they were horrified by their pagan ways, the human sacrifices and the cannibalism they saw. This paper examines the origins of the Aztecs, and examines this civilization in terms of mythology, agriculture, craft and religion. It also traces the destruction of the Aztecs by the Spaniards in the 16th Century.
From the Paper
"As limited as the land devoted to producing maize was, animal sources of nutrition were even harder to come by. "Dogs, turkeys, and the Muscovy duck were the only domesticated animals in ancient Mesoamerica. All were used for food, but they made only a minor contribution to the Aztec diet." (Smith 2003:63). This situation is most closely analogous to the rice crop of eastern Asia, and contrasts sharply with the ancient West, where numerous animals were domesticated on a large scale for the purposes of nutrition. By virtue of their dependence upon maize, the Aztecs developed some of the most advanced farming techniques in the world."
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Chinese Terracotta Warriors, 2005.
This paper discusses the archaeological Chinese treasure Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum, especially the terracotta warriors, dating from the 221 B.C. and discovered in 1974.
3,165 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the ancient Chinese believed that life in the nether regions after a person dies was similar to the present-day human world; therefore, emperor and supreme ruler of this world Qin Shi Huang commissioned the construction of a huge mausoleum, designed to look just like the Xianyang palace. The author points out that the tomb of the Emperor Qin has not been excavated; however, his buried terracotta army unearthed nearby has stunned the world and is being called the "eighth wonder of the world". The paper relates that the life-size images of his armed forces were made out of pottery and bronze and buried near him to guard his soul; of the more than 2,000 warriors already unearthed, no two look alike and their uniforms show different military ranks.
From the Paper
"Was this the same as the "pottery men" found by others many years ago in another village? They report their discovery to a local official, and over the next several weeks, archaeologists reveal a huge underground vault or room or cave. It was bigger than a football field and inside was thousands of life-sized clay or terracotta stat ues of soldiers. The pit is the resting place of more than 6,000 full-size soldiers, all standing in formation, many with their horses ready for battle. Most of the warriors are over six feet tall; some are close to seven. The statues tower over modern-day Chinese. The detail is astonishing. Thirty years later, the work continues on uncovering and restoring this vast discovery."
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The Ankh, 2005.
An explanation of the Ankh - a famous Egyptian artifact.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Ankh is one of the most familiar and one of the most mysterious Egyptian artifacts and hieroglyphs. It discusses how the meaning of the Ankh is associated in various ways with "life" and regeneration.
From the Paper
"The above interpretation is also related to the view of the Ankh as a sexual symbol. It must be remembered that sexuality was a very important part of the cosmological and mythical foundations of ancient religion. There are numerous interpretations which refer to sexual aspects of the Ankh symbol. For example, the Ankh has been identified by some as a penis sheath. (The ANKH)"
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The Dead Sea Scrolls, 2005.
This paper discusses the contents, history of discovery and the dilemma of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
3,010 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Dead Sea Scrolls, since their discovery in 1947 and their subsequent translations by numerous scholars, continue to demonstrate many contradictions among the books in the Old and New Testaments, which points to the conclusion that the Essenes and other religious groups at Qumran either wrote certain books of the Holy Bible or copied the text from much older sources that are now lost. The author points out that the Dead Sea Scrolls have strengthened the Jewish faith because they made it abundantly clear that Jewish history as it is related in the Old Testament and in the Torah is quite accurate. The paper contends that for Christians the overall importance of the Dead Sea Scrolls lie in the fact that what theologians and religious historians currently accept as the truth concerning the history of Palestine and the role of Jesus within it may be inaccurate with the result being a complete re-writing of history as it is reflected in the scrolls.
From the Paper
"One of the first scholars to actually see and photograph the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1948 was John Trever, who has provided a highly-researched and documented history of the initial find at Qumran. According to Trever's account, three Bedouin shepherds were in the area of Qumran, located on the northwest side of the Dead Sea, in the spring of 1947. During this time, the area was under the control of the British Mandate in Palestine, and the shepherds were apparently tending their flocks when one of them casually began to throw stones at what appeared to be the opening of a cave just west of the plateau at Qumran."
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Hellenic Tombs, 2005.
A discussion of the tombs of ancient Greece.
4,770 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts an overview and discussion of some of the most pertinent aspects of Hellenistic tombs. The paper focuses on their architectural significance, as well as on the related architectural and historical connotation and implications of these tombs. One of the aspects that the paper focuses are the antecedents of Hellenic forms of architecture, their forms design and meaning.
Outline
Introduction
Historical and Architectural Overview
Mycenaean Tombs
Hellenic Tombs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the ways in which the art, history and architecture of ancient cultures can be understood and investigated is through what is left behind to be examined. Some of the most permanent artifacts that are available for examination are ancient tombs which have stood the test to time. From these tombs one can not only understand and form opinions of the architecture and historical context of the time, but the content of many tombs reveals a plethora of information and insight into the culture being studied. Many experts concur with this view and emphasize the archelogivla significance of ancient tombs, monuments and burial sites."
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Nok Terracottas, 2005.
A look at one of the earliest known art forms in Africa, Nok Terracotta.
1,219 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the Nok art from with other African art forms, and identifies specific traits associated with the Nok terracottas. Additionally, the paper discusses the cultural data these sculptures provide about the civilizations that made them.
From the Paper
"Nok terracottas are generally defined by four main characteristics. First, Nok sculptures are created with very distinguishable eye features. The eyes are either triangular in nature, or are a part of a circular form. The eyebrows are sculpted to balance against the lower lip, and often, the eyebrows form a circular pattern around the inset triangular eye frame."
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"The Mummies of Urmuchai", 2005.
A critical review of Elizabeth Wayland Barber's book about mummies discovered during an archaeological dig at the rim of the Tarim Basin.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly describes the archaeological find of Elizabeth Wayland Barber and her team of fellow archaeologists along the rim of the Tarim Basin, also known as the 'Silk Road'. The paper then critically reviews Barber's book about the find, "The Mummies of Urmuchai" and the conclusions Barber drew, based on the evidence she gathered, about the geographical origins and practices of the mummies of Urmachai.
From the Paper
"The Chinese archeologists who uncovered the gravesite at Cherchen were at first unaware of what they had found. These graves contained extremely tall, apparently Caucasian bodies that were later dated as over 3,500 years old, despite the fact that they were so well preserved. This preservation was not entirely by design, although the corpses were painted with yellow lines that were intended to have preservative qualities. The extraordinary preservation was also accomplished by luck and happenstance-the graves had been cut into a salt bed that speeded the process of desiccation, or preservation by packing in salt."
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