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Woodland Indians, 2006.
A look at Woodland Indians and their culture.
1,196 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the lives of Woodland Indians. According to the paper, the study of Woodland Indian culture is difficult, the reason being a lack of evidence. Many artifacts and remains were destroyed by amateurs lacking the skills to preserve the evidence. However, archaeologists were able to substantiate an entire society's way of life by tracking and analyzing how much chert was to be found in rocks and stream beds.
From the Paper
"They also left weapons, including; arrowheads, axes, spearheads and knives of many different shapes and sizes. A well trained archeologist would be able to glean much information from these artifacts if allowed to discover them in their context. The museum also displayed how the Woodland Indians played and hunted."
"One display showed how hunting was their main source for food and also supplied them with skins for clothing and bedding to keep them warm during the winter. That same display informed us that the Indians played many games, including lacrosse. There were some games that only the woman played, while the men also showed off their skills at archery and spear throwing. Dice was also popular, although they probably did not use the same type of manufactured dice that we use today. "
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California Indians, 2007.
This paper describes the history of the California Indians and the struggles they faced with colonizing Europeans.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a brief history of the Native Americans of California, focusing on their struggles with colonizing Europeans and their eventual loss of land and civil rights. The paper traces the history of Native Americans in the US back to their arrival in North America from Asia. Next the author describes their settlement and cultures in North America, and California specifically. The paper highlights the arrival of Europeans to Californian, describing the Native American's subsequent loss of loss of land, culture and autonomy. Special attention is paid to the effects of reservations on the Native American population.
Outline:
California Indians
Population Decline of California Indian
Figure-1: Native California [Census 2000]
Figure-2: Native California Population [Census 2000]
Indian Plight since Columbian Period
Paper includes maps and charts.
From the Paper
"This exploitation continued well into the twentieth century and displacement of Native Indian from reserves continued with little or no compensation until the early twentieth century. The enlightened society of the twentieth century began to apply the laws which have been on the statutes for centuries to all Americans. Discrimination on the grounds of race, color, religion and sex can not be legally justified anymore. This important factor now provides legal rights and new protection to Native Indians. "
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The Spanish Explorers, 2007.
A discussion regarding the impact of the Spanish explorers on the native populations of the West Indies and Mexico.
871 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Spanish explorers Christopher Columbus, Bartolome' de las Casas and Bernal Diaz Del Castillo. The paper discusses the differences in attitudes of the three different explorers with regard to the native populations of the countries they discovered. The paper further discusses the impact of these Spanish explorers on the native populations of the West Indies and Mexico.
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, it was the innocent and gullible attitude that would be the downfall of the Taino. Columbus wrote home to Spain and explained how useful this tribe would be due to their work ethic, caring, and cooperativeness. Columbus and his crew soon found ways to take advantage of the Taino's generosity. Many women of the Taino tribe were abducted by Columbus' soldiers. On a more formal level when Columbus returned for his second voyage the real mistreatment of the Taino began. About 1200 tribe members were sent to Spain where they were sold off as slaves. Those in the new world began working in mines and on plantations. Columbus began demanding a tribute of gold from each adult Taino; death or mutilation was the punishment for not complying. The population of Taino quickly began to deteriorate due to mistreatment and disease."
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Multiculturalism and the Canadian Documentary, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of multiculturalism in Canadian film.
2,435 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that Canadian documentary directors have used the genre to effectively illustrate facets of multiculturalism and style that would be lost in the non-documentary film-making world. The writer discusses and compares three films in this paper. The writer describes that Simcha Jacobovici and Roger Pyke present a striking memorandum that illustrates the pain and struggle of religious persecution in the film 'Expulsion & Memory: Descendants of the Hidden Jews'. Similarly, the writer looks at Alanis Obomsawin's 'Richard Cardinal: Cry from the Diary of a Metis Child'. The writer also discusses 'Shooting Indians: A Journey with Jeffery Thomas' by Ali Kazimi that quietly illustrates one man's struggle to change the stereotypical image of Native cultures and people in North America, while also reflecting on the relationship of culture as the director shares his cultural background. The writer concludes that through different uses of the documentary genre, all three films effectively use the factual background to establish strong views of multicultural identity.
From the Paper
"As a film style, documentaries are tied to stricter guidelines than other films because they must adhere to fact to some respect. While many filmmakers might see this as a problem or hurtle, well-made documentaries take advantage of this factor as strength. American director St. Clair Bourne explains that the making of a fictional movie is much more demanding because the background and context must all be created from scratch; he finds documentaries to be more about interpretation and bringing out the real story that already exists within a context. This is the case with the three films discussed here, though each film faced different challenges in creation, and succeeded in different aspects. Each of these films takes the raw material of the history involved and shapes it to create a story with whatever intentions exist from the directors."
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Feminism in Native America, 2007.
An analysis of feminism in Native America and its impact on native communities.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses feminism in Native America. It begins by describing various forms of feminism and discussing three waves of feminism. It then links feminism in Native America to the third wave, which includes ecofeminism, postcolonial feminism, generational, youth feminism and embodiment, nature, culture and dualism. The paper goes on to discuss the implications of this form of feminism on the native communities.
From the Paper
"Regardless of its origins in Native communities, sexism operates with full force today and requires strategies that directly address it. Smith believes that before Native peoples fight for the future of their nations, they must decide who is included in the nation. Gender justice is often articulated as being a separate issue from issues of survival for indigenous peoples, and such an understanding presupposes that "we could actually decolonize without addressing sexism, which ignores the fact that it has been precisely through gender violence that we have lost our lands in the first place," argues Smith."
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Wounded Knee - Battle or Massacre?, 2006.
A discussion regarding the Battle of Wounded Knee and the impact it had on American Indians.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of Wounded Knee in American history. Specifically the paper discusses whether the conflict was a battle, as it was first known, or a massacre as it is now being called. The Battle of Wounded Knee was the last major battle between Native-Americans and whites. According to the paper, it was a tragic time in American history, and a lasting reminder of how the Indians lost their way of life, their dignity, and their homes, all due to white aggression and displacement.
From the Paper
"The Battle of Wounded Knee took place on December 29, 1890 near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota. A large group of Sioux Natives had gathered by the Creek, and the U.S. Army wanted to break up the gathering, because they felt the group was engaging in the religious dance called the Ghost Dance, which they felt was dangerous because it created unrest among the Natives. The soldiers began to separate the women and children from the men, and during this separation, someone fired a shot. It is not known who fired it. One historian writes, "In the chaos that followed, soldiers gunned down and stabbed Sioux men, women, and children. Some who did not die instantly crawled away only to freeze to death in the coming blizzard" (Johnson). "
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A Good Woman in Colonial Times, 2007.
An analysis of "Sovereignty and Goodness of Good" by Mary Rowlandson.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how "Sovereignty and Goodness of Good" by Mary Rowlandson is both typical and atypical of captivity narratives of the early American colonial period. The paper examines how the author refers to the Native-Americans as savages. However, as her captivity wore on, and her experiences with the Native-Americans grew more intimate, Mary Rowlandson began to show more compassion and balance in her point of view of the Native-Americans. The paper reveals her morality and culture and maintains that this personal adaptability, combined with a balance and generosity of spirit that marks Mary as a distinct voice, may have garnered Mary's greater acceptance by her captives. The paper adds that it also gains her an additional credit as a historical voice and testimony to early settler and Native conflicts.
From the Paper
"It is true that Mary's religious language makes itself evident in the narrative early on. Mary paints the Native's conflicts with the settlers in black-and-white moral terms and demonstrates the similarity of her perspective with other captive women in her theological viewpoint. Mary's view of the events of her life as a playing-out of Biblical conflicts, rather than a struggle for amoral natural resources shows how her fundamental perspective is still united with the culture of her original English people, throughout her travels with the Indians."
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Native-American Totem Poles, 2006.
A review of the Native-American Indian totem pole and it's importance to the culture of Native-American Indians.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the role of the totem pole in the lives of Native-American Indians. The paper first provides a brief history of the totem pole from the perspective of the British explorer, Captain James Cook and then goes on to discuss the history of the totem pole in Native-American Indian culture. The paper then explains the process of creating a totem pole, listing the meaning behind the various symbols.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Totem Pole Significance
The History of the Totem Pole
Steps to Making a Totem Pole
Totem Pole Symbolism
The Great Seal of the US and the Canadian Coat of Arms
Native-American Indian Oral Tradition
The Haida Totem Pole
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
" The Native American Indians did not have a written form of their language and totem pole stories and imagery were shared with the owners of the pole and those who they told. The only meanings which are on record are in cases where the owners of the pole left written record, granted interviews or in cases where the story has been transferred from generation to generation in a story. These stories are referred to as the "oral tradition" which is subject to change and become distorted over time.
According to the website of the Manataka American Indian Council: The Native American Indians placed the totem pole at the front entrance of the family's longhouse for honoring the clan's ancestors, to record the clan's standing, rights and accomplishments, in memoriam of a ceremony or spiritual experience and contains the symbolism of the qualities, experience, and exploits of the family clan. (Manataka American Indian Council, 2006)"
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Wounded Knee 1973, 2007.
This paper explores the Wounded Knee incident of 1973 and discusses the actions by the participants and the government during that time.
3,706 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the events leading up to the Wounded Knee incident and recreates the atmosphere that prevailed before the stand off began. The writer notes that during the 71 day siege at Wounded Knee in 1973, Americans were re-introduced to the plight of the American Indians as media coverage brought hour by hour descriptions of the demands made by those who lead the charge. The writer then describes how thousands of Native-Americans joined together to try and force the American government to change some of the basic problems that were prevalent on reservations not only near Wounded Knee but across the nation. The writer concludes that today, Wounded Knee still serves as an example of the undercurrent of anger many Native Americans feel about the way the government has treated them since first taking over this land.
Outline:
Introduction
Leading Up to Wounded Knee
Wounded Knee Begins
The Demands
The End
Conclusion
End Notes
From the Paper
"Before one can begin to fully understand the impact that Wounded Knee had on the nation and the participants one needs to have an understanding on the events and problems that led up to the siege.
While the Native Americans and the supporters of their people had long been angry over the treatment by the American government when it came to their culture, history and daily life there were several events that worked as a catalyst to lead up to the actual siege at Wounded Knee . The snowball of events begin in 1972 when a young native American named Raymond Yellow Thunder was abducted by two ranchers. Raymond Yellow Thunder was a member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe and had been kidnapped and taken to a dance at an American Legion Hall in Gordon Nebraska. While there participants in his abuse forced him to strip his clothes off and dance naked while audience members threw lit cigarettes beneath his feet to force him to continue dancing."
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Totem Poles, 2007.
A discussion on totem poles as a spiritual form of ethnic art.
2,319 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper researches and writes about the building of totem poles as a spiritual, multicultural art form. Specifically, it looks at the recent totem poles carved by Jewell Praying Wolf James from the Lummi Native American Nation. It also discusses the tradition of totem poles and how their use and meaning may have changed in Native-American culture from the late 18th century to present day.
From the Paper
"Despite the long and important tradition of totems and the celebrations relating to them (called potlashes), they have experienced great challenges and setbacks in the past centuries. In Canada, the Indian Act of 1876 made potlatching and other Native customs illegal. Many consider that the Indian Act destroyed tribal life in Canadian Native Americans, and it certainly had an impact of native culture and art; totem poles and other art was destroyed or confiscated, and people violating the laws were imprisoned or fined heavily. In both Canada and the United States, the abuse of Native Americans and their lack of rights under the American and Canadian governments resulted in mass export of their art, if it was not destroyed (Malin 167-68). "
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