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Native Americans, 2005.
An overview of the history and advancement of Native Americans.
1,346 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the Native Americans including warfare and the major federal policies that made them change their ways of life dramatically. It also talks about how the Native Americans influence the United States today.
From the Paper
"In 1953 the Termination Act of 1953 was initiated. It was originated to aid the Native Americans but ended up causing more harm then good. This ended the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and all of the programs that went with it. It divided tribal property among its members, which subjected them to taxation. It also put an end to tribal government and relocated many Indians to the cities where jobs were available. The Termination policy also ended federal responsibility and social services - education, health and welfare, to the Indians. Many Americans were happy about this because it lowered taxes. The effect this had on tribes was disastrous because it caused huge economic problems."
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Success of the Involuntary Minority Student, 2003.
A look at why involuntary minorities have experienced far less academic success than voluntary minorities.
9,625 words (approx. 38.5 pages), 46 sources, APA, $ 196.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author provides a brief overview of the past and present explanations of involuntary minority academic success and failure and then argues that the presently accepted sociolinguistic and cultural-ecological theories do not adequately explain the variability in involuntary minority academic success. Subsequently, the author proposes an alternative explanation of involuntary minority academic success and failure based on the ability of the local school to institute measures which develop a sense of trust -- or at least an abeyance of distrust--in the school and school authority held by involuntary minority students, parents, and community. Using the posited explanation as a basis for discussion, the authorl then proceeds to describe how current educational practices at the local school site contribute to involuntary minority academic failure through the development of involuntary minority distrust of the school. Within this discussion, the author also proposes some strategies, which schools can employ to increase achievement of involuntary minority students by justifying the development of a sense of trust in the school within the involuntary minority community.
Outline
Explanations of Involuntary Minority Low Achievement
Trust as a Critical Variable in Involuntary Minority Academic Success
Parent Participation
Teacher Self-Efficacy and Expectations
Multicultural Curriculum and Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
Meaningful Curriculum
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since the early years of the twentieth century, significant concerns have existed about the academic and social problems encountered by minority students in the schooling process (Ogbu, 1991; Tyack, 1974). These concerns have, once again, become a prominent issue among educators and politicians as the result of a multitude of demographic studies indicating students of color will comprise a majority of our school-aged population in the foreseeable future. In studying the ubiquitous disparity in academic achievement between minority and non-minority students over the past decades, however, anthropologists and educators have identified a distinct variability in the academic success between two discrete subgroups within the minority school population: the first subpopulation consists of those minority groups which have voluntarily emigrated from their original society to a different society, while the second subpopulation consists of those minority groups which, because of slavery, conquest, or colonization, did not voluntarily choose to become members of a particular society (Ogbu, 1991). Within the United States, the first subpopulation, described as voluntary minorities, would consist of groups such as Europeans, Central and South Americans, and Asians. The second subpopulation, described as involuntary minorities, would include primarily African Americans, Native Americans, and many Hispanic Americans.1 A large and growing body of research has documented that voluntary minority students tend to academically outperform their involuntary minority counterparts in a number of different settings, including in the United States (Ogbu, 1991)."
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Environmental Justice, 2003.
Examines environmental justice and its effect on Native-American communities. Provides a study of environmental racism.
17,010 words (approx. 68.0 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research provides an overview and review of the research concerning Native-American or other minorities to identify and understand the cultural differences that lead to environmental racism.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Statement of the Problem
Purpose
Importance
Scope
Rational
Definition of Terms
Overview
Chapter Two - Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Environmental Justice Research
The Campo Indian Landfill War: The Fight for Gold in California Garbage
Chapter Three - Methodology
Data Validity
Human Health and Social Effects
Analytical Methods
Treatment Technologies
Originality and Limitations
Summary of Methodology
Chapter 4 - Data Analysis
Chapter 5 - Summary, Recommendations and Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper
"Native American nations have become increasingly concerned about the adverse effects that toxic substances have on human health and the health of the environments on which these communities depend. Many tribal governments are now working to identify environmental contamination problems and their sources; establish and enforce environmental regulations and standards; and develop long-term environmental protection objectives and restoration plans that will promote balance and health in their communities and in their relationships with the natural environment. As the magnitude and complexity of environmental problems have increased, the scientific and technical competency of Native Americans has grown to the point where they now demand a meaningful role in risk assessment, remediation and restoration decisions."
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The Cherokee and the Native American Gender Spectrum, 2005.
An overview of the concept of two-spirited individuals in Native American culture.
2,579 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept and historical social role of two-spirited individuals in Native American cultures and explores the relationship of the Cherokee social structure and gender roles with respect to the various dimensions of the two-spirit concept.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most important practical aspect of traditional Cherokee gender roles is the division of labor, while the most important social aspect is that of matrilineage. Women produced all the major household necessities, such as pottery, baskets, and many other crafts, and supplied their household with firewood and water. They were generally responsible for planting, tending and harvesting crops as well as gathering wild edible plants, and of course, the bearing and nurturing of children. Men, on the other hand, produced hunting and fishing tools as well as weapons and canoes, all of which they used to perform their traditional gender-designated labor activities including the hunting game and warfare."
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The Peyote Religion, 2004.
A research paper on the Native American peyote religion, including a detailed description of the ceremony itself.
1,868 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
Members of the peyote religion use a small hallucinogenic cactus, known as a peyote, during a very intricate ceremony to induce visions or gain insight to cure illness, gain knowledge, and seek guidance. The paper begins with a brief history of the religion and proceeds to explain how it was founded and by whom, in which area it was founded and is practiced, and how it spread so quickly. The relationship with Christianity is explained, and a detailed and accurate description of the peyote ceremony is given. The paper also looks at the current state of the religion in the United States.
From the Paper
"To some it is as if this 'divine cactus' were actually transporting part of them to another world. In the ceremonies of the Native American Church, peyote is the prime element or sacrament whereby the participants can communicate with God." (Anderson 79) Peyote is a small cactus, also referred to as a button, found mainly in northern Mexico, (Marriott 37) and is a hallucinogenic plant used for divination, curing, meditation, and for the relief of hunger and physical comfort. For members of the Native American Church, "Peyote is sacred and not to be used for curiosity or amusement, nor casually by people who are not members of the church. It is to be taken ritually, in the right place, at the right time, in the right manner, and for a purpose. It is a sacrament." (Aberle 18) Members of the peyote religion take peyote during a very intricate ceremony to induce visions or gain insight to cure illness, gain knowledge and seek guidance (193-194)."
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Aboriginal Rights in Canada, 2005.
A persuasive essay that argues against special rights for the Aboriginal peoples in Canada.
868 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the special rights that Aboriginals are granted in Canada violate Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which states that all individuals are to be treated equally, regardless of their race or ethnic origin. The paper argues that Aboriginals are one group of peoples among many other minority groups that make up Canada. It questions, therefore, why Aboriginals should be given special grants and privileges above everyone else.
From the Paper
"As well, in trying to establish successful colonies, the governments did impose assimilation on Aboriginals; however, Aboriginals were not the only ones subjected to assimilation. Indeed, assimilation and discrimination against certain ethnic groups and races is not a part of history that Canada is proud of, but at the same time it is not an aspect of history that applied only to Aboriginals. Blacks, Asians, eastern Europeans and Irish peoples are just a few of the many cultural groups that were subjected to discrimination upon their immigration to North America. Yet, it is only Aboriginals that are currently granted special rights and benefits in Canada."
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Native-American and Chinese Culture, 2004.
A comparison of Native American and Chinese culture.
3,175 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a comparison and contrast of the Native American culture with the Chinese culture. The paper claims that there are several similarities. "Native American" and "Chinese" are all-encompassing descriptive terms of the many different tribes and dynasties of each culture. Both cultures have rich, meaningful customs that are still passed on today, unlike many ethnic groups that have lost some of their culture due to the changing times. The paper contends that Chinese and Native Americans still believe in their own form of mythology. The paper discusses the social, political, and economical aspects of these two cultures.
Outline
I. Introduction
a. Two Richly Historic Societies
II. Social
a. Native-American Creation
b. Birth of Chinese Culture
c. Compare and Contrast
III. Political
a. Native-American Politics
b. Chinese Political Systems
c. Compare and Contrast
IV. Economic
a. Early Native-American Economy
b. The Start of Chinese Economics
c. Compare and Contrast
V. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Throughout their history, Native-Americans have been historic people of change. Food discovered and domesticated by Native-Americans would transform the diet of the incoming settlers and not just the offering that has been made famous as the "First Thanksgiving." Native-Americans also made many important contributions to modern medicine, art, architecture, and ecology. It is not widely taught but during the thousands of years preceding European contact, the Native-American people developed ingenious and creative cultures. They harvested plants for food, dyes, medicines, and textiles. They hunted and domesticated animals. They also established extensive patterns of trade which helped them build cities, "produce monumental architecture, developed intricate systems of religious beliefs; and constructed a wide variety of systems of social and political organization ranging from kin-based bands and tribes to city-states and confederations" (Mintz, 2003)."
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The Fur Trade in the Eastern Subarctic, 2001.
Explores whether the introduction of the European fur trade negatively affected the culture and lifestyle of the James Bay Cree.
1,752 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the topic of acculturation among the Cree of the Subarctic. It demonstrates that the fur trade had less of an impact on the Cree than other groups who were exposed to more direct contact with the Europeans. In the area of James Bay, acculturative processes appear to have been gradual rather than sudden and dramatic.
From the Paper
"The accounts of early missionaries and traders cannot be trusted, especially on the subject of subsistence, as they are often ambiguous and ethnocentric. Fur traders' journals overuse words such as "starve", creating misleading impressions (Black-Rogers, 1986). Analysis of these journals soon makes obvious that starving came in a number of different varieties. It is necessary to consider the context in which they were written as the intended meaning could be either literal, technical, or manipulative. In many cases, natives and their families were not starving at all. Meaning could be further confused if a trader was reporting what was actually said by a native as opposed to what he observed. It was sometimes customary in native culture to claim to be starving, in an effort to portray humbleness."
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Writings by Cabeza de Vaca, 2005.
Examines how Cabeza de Vaca?s narrative, "The Relation of Ivar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca", provides rare glimpses of Indian culture and way of life that no longer exist today.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on how Ivar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca's "The Relation of Ivar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca" has historical significance by providing examples from the text and citing outside sources. This paper shows how important de Vaca?s book is as he gives his account of the lives of the Indian tribes in the 1500s. Since these Indians had an oral tradition instead of a written one, information about these tribes, and especially the role of women within these tribes, would not exist today without de Vaca?s book.
From the Paper
"Unlike many other cultures in that time, women had a voice and held some power in their society, making them more equal in power with men than in other cultures. Many traders were women as ?women of several native groups?performed roles as traders, guides, and peacemakers? (Wade 339). Essentially, de Vaca was a man doing women?s work, but it showed him moving from one role to another. This knowledge is important because it shows the roles that the women and men had in their culture and ?the flexibility of the native social structure of groups classified as gathering and hunting societies? (Wade 339)."
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Current Status of Native American Culture, 2005.
Paper discusses the Native American culture and its influence on American way of life.
1,708 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Native American's struggles with mainstream American life along with the hardships brought on by the new cultural dilemmas.
From the Paper
"In modern day American life there are several unique cultures that co-exist within the United States boundaries. These unique cultures are all captured within the term American, but unlike the term American symbolizes, we are all not the same. Each culture shares within itself some history of its beginnings. These beginnings are what make it out to be different."
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