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"Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People", 2008.
A review of the purpose, method and conclusions of G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload."
3,040 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload." It discusses the background of the authors, analyzes the purpose of the study and describes the methods that were used. Lastly, the paper discusses the researcher's conclusions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem/Purpose
Literature Review
Study Framework or Theoretical Perspective
Objectives, Questions or Hypotheses
List Attribute/Demographic Variables
Sample Setting
Research Design
Measurement Methods and Tools
Procedures
Statistical Analysis
Describe the Researcher's Interpretation of the Findings
Describe the Researcher's Generalization of the Findings
Identify the Implications of the Findings for Nursing
List the Researcher's Suggestions for Further Studies
From the Paper
"This study quantified the amount of home care input provided to older people living at home. It also differentiated the input provided by PHNs, home helps, and healthcare assistants. The study identified the Nursing Assessment had the highest level of client need among the older patients, while Physical Care Requirements was the least needed by the older clients. The highest mean score for level of need was for Case Management. Other low needs were Environmental Factors, indicating that they felt safe in their living situations."
"This study identified that PHNs allocate a majority of their time to home visits. It also identified that PHNs play a multitude of roles in providing home care for the elderly. The PHN does not only play the role of a liason for general practitioners, but the PHNs also involved themselves in social work activities as needed by older clients. There were cases when older clients did not avail of other community services such as accepting meals on wheels, refuse day care center services, or refuse panic button and safety locks, because of the stigma that accompanied this service. This entailed that the PHN had to monitor these older clients more frequently."
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"Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People", 2008.
A review of the purpose, method and conclusions of G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload."
3,040 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 89.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper critiques G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload." It discusses the background of the authors, analyzes the purpose of the study and describes the methods that were used. Lastly, the paper discusses the researcher's conclusions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem/Purpose
Literature Review
Study Framework or Theoretical Perspective
Objectives, Questions or Hypotheses
List Attribute/Demographic Variables
Sample Setting
Research Design
Measurement Methods and Tools
Procedures
Statistical Analysis
Describe the Researcher's Interpretation of the Findings
Describe the Researcher's Generalization of the Findings
Identify the Implications of the Findings for Nursing
List the Researcher's Suggestions for Further Studies
From the Paper
"This study quantified the amount of home care input provided to older people living at home. It also differentiated the input provided by PHNs, home helps, and healthcare assistants. The study identified the Nursing Assessment had the highest level of client need among the older patients, while Physical Care Requirements was the least needed by the older clients. The highest mean score for level of need was for Case Management. Other low needs were Environmental Factors, indicating that they felt safe in their living situations."
"This study identified that PHNs allocate a majority of their time to home visits. It also identified that PHNs play a multitude of roles in providing home care for the elderly. The PHN does not only play the role of a liason for general practitioners, but the PHNs also involved themselves in social work activities as needed by older clients. There were cases when older clients did not avail of other community services such as accepting meals on wheels, refuse day care center services, or refuse panic button and safety locks, because of the stigma that accompanied this service. This entailed that the PHN had to monitor these older clients more frequently."
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African-American Grandmothers, 2008.
Looks at the grandmother as the linchpin of the African-American family.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for many generations, African-American grandmothers not only have contributed economically to the family but have been the social fixture through which her family and community maintain their cohesiveness. The author relates that, in recent years, a growing number of African-American grandmothers have become "new parents again" by taking on the sole parenting responsibility for their grandchildren. The paper explores the reasons behind this trend, the historic role of the African-American grandmothers and some of the physical, mental and emotional effects of this next generation parenting role.
From the Paper
"However, African-American grandmothers as caregivers are no new phenomenon. Jiminez (2002) did a study in which she examined primary sources such as the testimonies of elderly African-American women who had been slaves. She used their stories, oral histories, biographies, and autobiographies as well as manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936 to 1940. She discovered certain commonalties between the historical development of African-American grandmothers during slavery and their experience from the second half of the 19th century until today."
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Living Long and Well, 2008.
This paper explains the role of senior centers in promoting a long and healthy life.
887 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how vital it is for senior citizens to promote their physical and mental health. The paper discusses how senior centers can promote more optimistic attitudes about aging and can encourage the maintenance of physically beneficial practices like exercise and moderate diets. The paper stresses that living long and aging well is not simply knowing what to do, but having the psychological motivation and community support to do so.
From the Paper
"The quest for the fountain of youth and longevity has existed since time immemorial. However, only recently have scientists and anthropologists derived more effective methods to empirically study what enables certain people to live longer than others. A recent study of men over the ago of ninety, according to The New York Times, suggests that the secrets of living longer may simply be due to very simple good health practices. "Living past ninety, and living well, may be more than a matter of good genes and good luck. Five behaviors in elderly men are associated not only with living into extreme old age, a new study has found, but also with good health and independent functioning.""
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A Personal Journey: Aging, 2008.
A personal reflection of the positive and negative aspects of the writer's own aging process.
1,237 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a personal reflection on the aging process - particularly of being a woman, especially a forty-eight-year-old woman in America today. It begins by listing the positive and negative aspects of aging and then provides a personal reflection on the process. The paper describes the impact of Christianity in the writer's acceptance of her own aging.
Table of Contents:
Good Things About Aging
Bad Things About Aging
Reflections On My Personal Aging Process
From the Paper
"One of the reasons I think that I have been able to tolerate aging so well, psychologically, somewhat in contrast to other members of my culture, is because of my strong Christian faith. Christianity tends to focus on spiritual refreshment and renewal from within, rather than seeking solutions from without. I have always had an awareness that 'the body dies, eventually' but the soul is eternal. In God's eyes, I have always believed, we are all young when compared with the age of the earth and eternity, and also, somehow, all old because death comes very soon on the mortal plane, while from the perspective of the divine, what is really important and lasting is attached to the soul. What is most important to me is what I am learning on earth, here, not what I look like in terms of my body. That is why when I see young people making the same mistakes I made when I was in my teens, twenties, and thirties, and know I won't have to make those mistakes again, the feeling is relief, as well as a sense of pride in my strong sense of self and the personal and financial independence I have gained that I did not have when I was younger. I have also lost many of the hang-ups I did have when I was younger, because I know that according to my culture, now I will never be 'the ideal,' in terms of beauty, so I can accept my appearance and even see that for younger women, the dominant beauty standard is highly unrealistic."
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Ageism, 2008.
A look at the definition of ageism and who suffers from it.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that ageism is a mental construct--a way of thinking about age that affects almost everybody because ageist beliefs and prejudices are so widespread in American society. It looks at how negative stereotypes and beliefs about older people form the basis of ageism, and how there are several theories about why these ageist attitudes develop.
From the Paper
"The importance of avoiding signs of age is underlined by the fact that youthfulness is a major incentive to sell products; thus, all of us are surrounded every day on all sides with media messages about the need to stay young. To make matters worse for the older person, Elwood (1972) points out that hiding old age is difficult (and at some point, impossible). Canes, hearing aids, and walkers as well as sagging, wrinkled skin, make old people very visible, and many younger people view these signs of advanced age with repugnance. It is probably fair to say, however, that no matter how old they look, people do not lose their feelings or become less sensitive to rejection, insults, and hurtful attitudes toward age. "
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Aging in Modern Society, 2008.
This paper looks at the consequences of aging in current times, especially considering an ever increasing life expectancy age.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
Although much earlier in the history of humans, the age of 50 was once considered old. That statistic has changed significantly over the last two centuries due to greatly improved living conditions, nutrition and disease control. Population projections in the United States indicate the percentage of the population over 65 will continue to increase through the first quarter of the 21st century. A preliminary report from the website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, based on U.S. statistics for 2005, places national life expectancy at 78 years, a figure that has been increasing steadily. This is much different than the life expectancy in 1800 of only 36. Considering these facts, this paper describes an interview with a 70-year-old neighbor and tries to offer insight into what it is like physically, cognitively and socially during this age.
From the Paper
"So far, her problems with eyesight and hearing have been minor. She has had to wear bifocals since she was 60, but passed her hearing test and does not yet need any kind of hearing aid like her husband. However, the soreness in her legs and arms from fibromyalgia is becoming worse, and she finds it more difficult to do streneous things. She also has seen a difference in her ability to do things in the last five years and knows that changes are coming faster now in her physical and mental abilities. She realizes that this could be from not exercising enough. She and her husband take a couple of 20-minute walks each week, but this is not enough. Mrs. Freeman knows that this is wrong, since the older she gets, the more difficult it has been to exercise. She tried joining the senior workout sessions, but could not motivate herself to go to the center every morning. She gets frustrated because she does not like her extra weight, but not frustrated enough to encourage her to do something more strenuous on a regular basis."
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Prescription Drugs for the Elderly, 2008.
This paper looks at the impact of legislation regarding prescription drugs for the elderly in the United States.
876 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in an effort to improve access to prescription drug coverage for the elderly, President Bush passed an amendment to Medicare that would provide seniors with some financial relief from the skyrocketing costs of their medications. Although this legislation was aimed at improving health outcomes for seniors--ensuring that they would not have to sacrifice basic necessities such as food and electricity to afford their medications--the outcomes of this change do not appear to be having a positive impact in this particular area. Using this as a basis for investigation, this essay considers prescription drug coverage for the elderly, its impact on overall health and the problems that have been created as a result of the new legislation providing seniors with prescription drug coverage.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of the Issue
Analysis of the Issue
From the Paper
"Synthesizing all of the data provided in this investigation, it becomes evident that while a some effort has been made to improve outcomes for seniors and improve their access to prescription drugs, the current program creates considerable gaps in accessing prescription drugs for seniors. For middle class seniors making more than 150 percent of the federal poverty limits, access to prescription drugs does not appear to be significantly improved. Seniors are still being asked to provide considerable out-of-pocket support that continues to create disparities in accessing perception drugs. As the number of baby boomers reaching the age of retirement increases-retirees will soon comprise almost one third of the population-improving access to prescription drugs appears to have significant ramifications for public health and the overall health care system."
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Elder Abuse Among Ethnic Groups, 2008.
This paper explores the relationship between ethnicity and elder abuse.
1,461 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a definition of elder abuse and describes the different types of abuse that occurs. The paper also looks at various studies and discusses how, although there are certain cultural and ethnic patterns that can affect rates of elder abuse, a better understanding is needed of the correlation between elder abuse and societal, cultural and ethnic aspects.
From the Paper
"The sensitive issue of elder abuse in terms of racial and ethic groupings is a complex and problematic area of research and one which has led to much debate and conjecture. This ethnic and cultural aspect to the issue is also compounded by the already complex nature of the problem of elderly abuse in the first place. As one study points out, "... the abuse of older people was often hidden, ignored and had a significantly lower profile than abuse of children.' (Manthorpe et al. 2004) This aspect is further problematized by the often-reiterated fact that in many countries there is no standard definition of elderly abuse or what in fact constitutes this form of abuse and there is very often no legal status attached to its occurrence. These aspects are exacerbated by the various social and cultural norms that are related to the way that the elderly are perceived and treated in a given society."
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Volunteerism and Seniors in Northwest Indiana, 2008.
An analysis of how non-governmental organizations and faith-based activities can combine to improve the quality of life of elderly residents in Northwestern Indiana.
1,762 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept and importance of volunteers in caring for the elderly. It describes the author's background in undertaking volunteer activities within Northwest Indiana and relates it to a large picture of how NGO (non-governmental organizations) and faith-based activities can combine to improve the quality of life for area residents. The paper also addresses specific concerns within the context of Northwestern Indiana, which has substantially different demographic imperatives than neighboring areas, such as South Bend, Chicago Metropolitan and the southwest suburbs of Chicago.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nationwide Demographic Trends
Specific Demographics in Northwest Indiana
Specific Social Welfare Problems of the Aging
Depression
Compliance with Medical Regimens
Assisted Living Needs
Providing for Social Welfare Needs
Non-governmental Providers
Faith-based Efforts
St. Francis Healthcare Services
Catholic Charities of Gary and Lake County
Social Welfare for Seniors: A Significant Gap in Care
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This network of Catholic healthcare facilities established throughout the Midwest works through its subsidiary, St. Margaret Mercy Hospital. As noted above, there is relatively little aid for seniors with significant mental and physical problems after they leave the hospital. St. Margaret Mercy focuses on patients who are based at home, but may need to have volunteers who take responsibility for the unmet psychological and social needs of elderly residents who may not have a family infrastructure.
"As we've seen above, basic needs beyond acute hospital care may be ignored amongst older patients. The St. Margaret Mercy program takes advantage of the new VAS (Advocates for Seniors Program) structure established in the State of Indiana to have volunteers spend time with, evaluate, and, when needed, represent the health and psychological interest of elderly residents."
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