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Baseball and the Films, 2008.
Discusses the importance of baseball to America's culture as reflected in the films "The Rookie", "Field of Dreams" and "A League of their Own".
4,195 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines how the long held national sense of baseball as 'America's pastime' first came to be, and how and why this sense of baseball remains strongly with us today. The writer also describes how combined, implied social and political importance of baseball to the American psyche and realization of the "American Dream" is powerfully and vividly reflected in films like "The Rookie"; "Field of Dreams", and "A League of their Own".
From the Paper
"As this film convincingly conveys, especially through its portrayals of the various ups and downs, but ultimately the cohesive teamwork and shared integrity among the Peaches themselves, that playing baseball one's very best, whatever one's gender, can and does bring out the best in oneself and others. The teammates each grow stronger, wiser and more determined and confident through their struggles to be self-actualizing through baseball which for women back then was indeed to achieve the near impossible."
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Women in Sports Management, 2008.
This paper discusses the trends and implications of women in sport management positions in the United States.
908 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses whether there still remains a "glass ceiling" for women in regards to sports management positions. Specifically, the paper looks at the roles of women in current management positions, the numbers of women that have achieved these positions in both the professional and intercollegiate leagues and the significance of the increases in women's positions within sports. The paper takes the position that although there has been evidence showing great strides for women in this industry, women remain under-represented, with jobs possibly even declining in intercollegiate athletics. Thus, specific guidelines should be required to ensure that equal opportunity is available for women.
From the Paper
"Furthermore, at the collegiate level, the number of women in sports management positions has actually declined in recent years. According to Cunningham and Sagas (2004), following the inception of Title IX in 1972 (which prohibited sex discrimination in schools thereby enhancing the funding provided to women's teams), the number of women in leadership positions in collegiate athletics (e.g., coaching and administration) has dramatically decreased. These authors emphasize that at the amateur level, 'Women essentially have been squeezed out of key leadership positions over this time frame. When Title IX was enacted, a female administrator directed over 90% of women's athletic programs. However, by 1984, 31.6% of all collegiate programs did not employ any women in athletics administrator positions' (p. 411). While the most recent reports indicate a slight increase in the number of women in sports management positions at the collegiate level, almost 20 percent of all collegiate athletic programs still do not employ any women in their administrative structures (Cunningham & Sagas, 2004)."
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Los Angeles Lakers, 2008.
A review of the rise of the Los Angeles Lakers and the emergence of African-American sports stars as cultural icons for masculinity development.
3,208 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
The paper comments that African-American culture has evolved significantly in the past two decades and while the overall socio-economic conditions of African-Americans within the United States have changed substantially for the better, their cultural and institutional instincts can only be subjectively understood. The paper states that one of the growing phenomenons of this era is the emergence of sports, not only as part of their cultural legacy, but as a defining factor in masculinity. This paper looks at the cultural phenomenon of black masculinity as it is defined through the evolution of basketball into an almost defining form of masculinity within African-American culture. The paper states that basketball has transcended the development of networks and social apparatus to become an institutional concept of identity for the black community. The paper notes further that not only has it impacted youth but it is in the process of redefining traditional African-American values and attitudes.
From the Paper
"The unprecedented success of the Lakers' three championship runs had many consequences on the media, the players, and the youth culture that thrived on their heroes' achievements. Michael Jordan once jokingly told Chicago Tribune reporter Bob Greene, "The media's crazy, they never let you go. It's like once they start following you, there's no more privacy". Although Kobe Bryant and the Lakers did not garner the same media blitz that Jordan endured throughout his career, they definitely felt the glitz and glamour of public adoration. Kobe subsequently made twelve commercials for Reebok in the year after their first championship. He signed multimillion dollar contracts with four different companies including one with Adidas for 80 million dollars. Magazines from ESPN to GQ all fought to feature him, as his reputation and name became part of the image of American basketball."
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Persuasive Messages and Memos, 2008.
A discussion regarding the decision whether to keep or eliminate the fitness center at a company.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper details that the long term well-being and efficacious functioning of a company depends not only on the efficient management of the financial aspects which concern it, but also on the wise management of the company's human resources. The paper then discusses the advantages of having a fitness center at a company and highlights the motivational and social advantages of such a facility. The paper states that the efficaciousness in the company reaches the desirable levels only by having employees who do their work with commitment because they are properly motivated. The paper concludes that one of the best ways to keep staff motivated is to keep the fitness center.
Outline:
Subject Relevance
Arguments against the Keeping of the Fitness Center
Arguments in favor of Keeping the Fitness Center
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The medical costs of the Rocky Mountain employees who have used the Fitness center in the past two years have diminished. One may argue that there is no direct connection between the two realties, but the situation is much too obvious to be considered a mere coincidence. It is safe to say that the medical expenses that the company needs to take care of in case our employees need them, are far bigger than the costs required by the maintenance of the existing Fitness Center. Numbers showed that the more the employees used the fitness center, the lesser were the expenses that the company had to make in order to keep them healthy. The 65% of the employees who never used the Fitness center cost the company a total of 81.500 dollars, while the ones who made medium and frequent use of the center cost the company just 21, 100 dollars. It must be stated that the frequency of going to the Fitness Center appears to be directly correlated to the increasing or decreasing of the medical expenses. Numbers have shown that the higher the frequency of use was, the smaller the medical expenses became. "
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Tennis, 2008.
A review of the backhand action shot played in tennis.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the muscles involved in the backhand action of a tennis shot. The paper includes a discussion on all muscles initiating and assisting this motion, including the muscles of the leg.
Outline:
Define the Action
Muscle Activity During Play
From the Paper
"To understand what muscles are involved in a backhand shot, one must first define the actual action, and the body parts involved at each moment of action. Many consider it common knowledge the elbow muscles are involved in a backhand swing, in part because the muscles of the elbow and tendons in the elbow are often involved in "tennis elbow" a condition common in players. Since these muscles are involved in the backhand shot however, they are worth mention. They include the muscles in the forearm, which enable the wrist to bend back to prepare for a shot, called the extensor muscles, which attach to the lateral epicondyle, connected by a tendon. During the backhand, the player will position themselves in a manner to prepare for the shot, by tossing the ball with the right hand, then exude a forward motion from which they will swing their racket, impact the ball and follow through landing on their leg supported by the back and pelvis. This complex action involves multiple muscle groups."
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A Philosophy of Leisure, 2008.
This paper explores the thoughts of several philosophers on leisure and a discussion on the writer's own philosophy of leisure.
1,585 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and explains the thoughts about leisure of many great philosophers, including Aristotle, Jeremy Bentham, and Immanuel Kant. The writer then discusses his own personal philosophy of leisure and concludes that, so long as pleasure does not impinge upon the lives and productivity of native inhabitants, or the pleasures of others, varied quests in the pursuit of leisure are all honorable.
From the Paper
"A philosopher such as Aristotle might find the more mentally industrious forms of leisure more beneficial. Watching television and eating foods that please the palate but do not nourish the body may provide pleasure, but do not facilitate happiness. For Aristotle, "the happiest life, the greatest human good, is the fulfillment of the philosopher" is a philosophical life of seeking happiness, but not necessarily a life of seeking or enjoying pleasure. Happiness is achieved through contemplation, but not a contemplation done out of compulsion."
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An Overview of American Sports, 2008.
An overview of the history and preferences within American sports of today.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and development of sports from the ancient Greek ideal of sports to American sports of today. It specifically discusses collective versus individual sports in America and the values of playing sports for fun compared to competitive sports. The paper also briefly looks at the general differences between male and female sports.
From the Paper
"The most popular spectator sports today are collective sports, much in line with the English ideal--baseball, basketball, and football. Even the much despised soccer is popular amongst American youths. Yet Americans cheer on their favorite individual stars in all of these sports, especially if the starts engage in charity efforts to justify their bloated salaries. The tension remains about what good sports do for both the individual or society, and Americans today are clearly using sports as a means of practical self-improvement like the Greeks as well as a means of collective identification like the English: "in the 1950's or 1960's, few people exercised; baseline fitness-consciousness was just above zero. Today, 20% of the U.S. population works out on a regular basis, while an additional 60%+ can be classified as...'Consciousness III'--those persuaded of physical fitness, but who by their own admission, don't get enough exercise. As behavior lags enlightened attitudes, 4 out of 5 adult Americans are true believers in exercise and fitness." But the protests remain that Americans are too busy to exercise, too busy working to do something as decadent as work on their bodies for either the individual or the collective good."
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"Glory Road", 2008.
A review of the movie "Glory Road".
3,631 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the story of Don Haskins, the long time and Hall of Fame college basketball coach from Texas Western/UTEP had been largely uncelebrated until the 2006 release of "Glory Road". Directed by James Gartner and staring Josh Lucas as Coach Haskins, the movie depicts his 1966 National Championship run as the barrier breaking coach who was the first to start all black players and win the National Championship. The paper relates that the movie show how, by defeating perennial power and all white Kentucky, Haskins helped break down the racial barrier in sports, particularly in the South. The paper contends that the story told in "Glory Road" is truly an important event in not only American sports history, but also a story which sheds light on and highlights much of the racial issues which are prevalent in sports.
From the Paper
"Glory Road takes place in the 1960s, primarily in Texas and in the general atmosphere of the racial tensions existing in the American South during the time period. In the movie, the African-Americans who Don Haskin's recruited are given little opportunity to play collegiate basketball and although they have a love for the game, they do not see it as a viable alternative. They are well aware of the limited opportunities afforded to black athletes and to African-Americans in general. However, it seems Don Haskin's is oblivious to this as he cares only about winning and thus is willing to defy the established norms of NCAA Division I basketball in the South and play his men regardless of color. It is not until later as the season develops that he begins to realize the social implications of his actions as head coach as Haskins and his team become something more than just a basketball team, but a team that is playing for something more than just basketball. "
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Sexual Harassment under Sports Law, 2008.
A review of sexual harassment and the liabilities of various parties involved.
4,750 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the term "sexual harassment" and states that sexual harassment is based on the position of the intended victim and the perpetrator. The paper states that the issue has become important in sports with a large number of males and females raising this issue. The paper further states that the parties involved include the organization that conducts the sport, the law enforcement agency, the child protection board and other legal agencies as well as the families. The paper also discusses issues in identifying what is sexual harassment, and the liabilities of various parties involved in the affair.
Outline:
Introduction
Primary Law: The First or Primary Law Pertaining to the Topic
Subsequent Cases and Amendments to the Law
Contemporary Importance: Argue why this law is important today and its impact on sports
Future Recommendations and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Professor Kari Fasting has conducted a research on sexual harassment of athletes and is of the opinion that in the last decade, many women and girls have experienced harassment and one illustration in Norway found the incidence to be as high as 29%. Sexual exploitation is the biggest problem in sports currently and while the public raise a hue and cry over the drug test results and match fixing there is absolute silence on this issue. There are two groups of harassment features, one involving sexist attitudes and cultural and racial inequalities and the other simple sexual advancements. The first group discriminates against a sex, especially women who are not considered yet as sports people. The other type will include coaches who are prone to flirt, seduce the wards, or use their authority to bend the will of the sports person and harass them over their status."
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False Accusations, 2008.
This paper discusses how a person's reputation may be ruined by accusations and concentrates on the case of baseball star Barry Bonds.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the reputation of a political figure, of an eminent student, or of an athlete is one of the most important aspects of his career. However, the writer notes that once a scandal breaks out in which one's reputation is torn apart, no matter the actions undertaken following such an event or whether one is guilty of the charges being brought upon him or not, that reputation can rarely be saved and rebuilt. The writer discusses that the case of baseball star Barry Bonds is a worthy example of the fact that scandals, regardless of their factual support, can decisively ruin one's reputation and image, not only towards the fans, but also in regard to the sponsors and investors. The writer concludes that in the eyes of the world, Bonds is guilty for the simple fact of having cast a doubt on his performances and may end up being labeled as just another player on steroids.
From the Paper
"The rivalry existing between the two of them manifested at all levels, but especially concerning the physical abilities. In an attempt to take away the chance of winning new standards on world records, Bonds appealed to Anderson, a weightlifting trainer, who provided the athlete steroids as well. The visible changes that were noticed on Bonds' body made the world suspicious over the possibility of the athlete using steroids. However, neither his innocence nor his guilt can so far be proved.
"There are those who argue in support of the athlete's innocence, and others who argue against. Bonds' claims of innocence are based on the idea that although his test results did come up suggesting he has taken steroids, knowingly, he did not consume any enhancing performance drugs."
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