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Los Angeles Lakers, 2008.
A review of the rise of the Los Angeles Lakers and the emergence of African-American sports stars as cultural icons for masculinity development.
3,208 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
The paper comments that African-American culture has evolved significantly in the past two decades and while the overall socio-economic conditions of African-Americans within the United States have changed substantially for the better, their cultural and institutional instincts can only be subjectively understood. The paper states that one of the growing phenomenons of this era is the emergence of sports, not only as part of their cultural legacy, but as a defining factor in masculinity. This paper looks at the cultural phenomenon of black masculinity as it is defined through the evolution of basketball into an almost defining form of masculinity within African-American culture. The paper states that basketball has transcended the development of networks and social apparatus to become an institutional concept of identity for the black community. The paper notes further that not only has it impacted youth but it is in the process of redefining traditional African-American values and attitudes.
From the Paper
"The unprecedented success of the Lakers' three championship runs had many consequences on the media, the players, and the youth culture that thrived on their heroes' achievements. Michael Jordan once jokingly told Chicago Tribune reporter Bob Greene, "The media's crazy, they never let you go. It's like once they start following you, there's no more privacy". Although Kobe Bryant and the Lakers did not garner the same media blitz that Jordan endured throughout his career, they definitely felt the glitz and glamour of public adoration. Kobe subsequently made twelve commercials for Reebok in the year after their first championship. He signed multimillion dollar contracts with four different companies including one with Adidas for 80 million dollars. Magazines from ESPN to GQ all fought to feature him, as his reputation and name became part of the image of American basketball."
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The Malcolm X Stamp, 2008.
A discussion on whether Malcolm X deserved to appear on an American postage stamp.
1,726 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The 22nd postage stamp in the Black Heritage series features a photograph of Malcolm X whose controversial ideas, sharpened America's debate about racial relations and strategies for social change. This paper debates whether the United States Postal Service should have honored a man or movement whom the federal government believed to have been dangerous, anti-democratic, or simply too militant. It argues that Malcolm certainly deserved a postage stamp in the Black Heritage series for his impact on the aspects of the African- American movement that he participated in, whether he was more flexible regarding the civil rights issues in the later stages of his 37-year life or not.
From the Paper
"Historian and Columbia University professor Manning Marable, among the most respected chroniclers of Malcolm X's life, has been working for the past ten years on a new biography about the slain African-American leader called Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention. Marable is the founder and head of "The Malcolm X Project" at Columbia University; in a May, 2007 interview with "Democracy Now" journalist Amy Goodman, Marable quotes Malcolm as telling Coretta Scott King why he came to Selma. These quotes are pivotal for those who are not aware of Malcolm's change of heart from militant black separatism to an urgent and fervent desire to unify the myriad movements for black justice."
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Billie Holiday, 2008.
This paper discusses the musical talent of Billie Holiday, an icon of the jazz music scene in the 1950s.
1,341 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper relates the successes of Billie Holiday, an African-American jazz vocalist. The paper describes her gradual downturn due to her drug and alcohol abuse that caused her to be arrested several times and negatively impacted her voice. The paper concludes, however, that Billie Holiday was one of the best jazz vocalists ever, with her musical influence felt long after her death.
From the Paper
"Billie Holiday was born on April 7, 1915, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her real name was Eleanora Fagan and she was also known as "lady Day". She named herself Billie Holiday after the film star, Billie Dove. Many of the details about her early childhood years are unknown. What is known is that she spent much of her early youth living with relatives and that she later resided in New York with her mother. There is also evidence from various sources that "...she had experienced abuse and prostitution by her mid-teens" (Billie Holiday1915 - 1959: BBC)."
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The Problem of Racial Profiling, 2008.
This paper explores how racial profiling is a growing problem in American society today, focusing on the violation of the rights of individuals on the streets and in vehicles.
2,028 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the alarming statistics showing the growth of racial profiling in recent years. The author presents some definitions of racial profiling and uses several cases as examples of how case law and legal interpretations are intensifying the problem by permitting more license to police officers who stop motorists and pedestrians. In an effort to reduce complaints by profiled individuals, some cities, including Los Angeles, Chicago and Detroit, are passing anti-racial profiling ordinances. However, on the national level, the End Racial Profiling Act of 2004 (ERPA) failed to pass. The author concludes that it is unlikely that the problem of racial profiling will be solved soon, given the current concerns with terrorism.
From the Paper
"The Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution includes two major entries to protect citizens against racial profiling: equality and due process. The amendment declares, "No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." To focus on a specific group of individuals because of race violates equal protection: The law cannot protect a group of people that is being singled out for investigation. In addition, the Fifth Amendment 's Due Process Clause prohibits the government from making classifications based on race, sex, age, illegitimacy, wealth or any other characteristic and guarantees that all people are treated the same."
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Gender and Academics, 2008.
This paper reviews an article by Lea Hubbard entitled, "The Role of Gender in Academic Achievement".
1,363 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the article, "The Role of Gender in Academic Achievement" by Lea Hubbard, which deals with issues such as the study of low-income African-American public high school students.
The paper states that the findings of this qualitative study suggest that gender and variables other than ethnicity and class distinctions are a prime determining factor in the performance assessments and achievement levels of African-American public high school students.
From the Paper
"The above assertions are dependent on the qualitative research method using a sample of 30 highly successful, low-income, African American public high school students. It should be noted at the outset that the study is limited in terms the extent and range of its data sample. This not only refers to the emphasis on the low income selection and the category of 'successful student," but also to the important fact that the sample group is the participant in the AVID program. While this does not necessarily invalidate the findings of the study, it should be borne in mind as it indicates the parameters of the study and affects any generalized assumptions that can be derived from the research. This is essentially an ethnographic based qualitative study, and, as will be become evident in this review, this form of research method has obvious limitations in terms of validity and overall worth as a research methodology."
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Social Work Pioneers, 2008.
This paper focuses on four African-American pioneers in social work.
1,121 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the lives and achievements of Jane Addams, Roger Cummings, Whitney Young Jr. and Sara A Collins Fernandis, four African-American social workers. The paper relates how their achievements brought opportunity and rights to groups of individuals who were denied such things in the past. The paper looks at the implications their work has had for modern day social work practice.
From the Paper
"Jane Addams was born in Cedarville, Illinois, and lived until 1935, when she passed away I while living in Chicago, Illinois. The most prominent event that Jan Addams is remembered for is founding the Settlement House Movement. This was initiated when she founded the Hull house in the poverty stricken streets of Chicago in 1889. Also of note, she was the first American woman to ever receive the Nobel Peace Prize."
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The Compromise of 1850, 2008.
An analysis of the failings of the stated aims of the Compromise of 1850.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Compromise of 1850, an important event in the history of the United States. The paper specifically argues that the events following the Compromise and especially the subsequent development of slavery as an institution proved the limited impact this set of laws had on the definite resolution of the issue of slavery. The paper further discusses the historical background of the laws and then looks at the failing of the initial and official stated aims of the legislative initiative.
From the Paper
"First and foremost, in 1850, the Missouri Compromise was relatively untouched. By then, each state had followed the rule imposed by the 1820 agreement. California's desire to be admitted in the Union as a free state met the opposition of the South which saw this as a threat of the equilibrium. However, the Compromise had balanced this decision by agreeing on the Fugitive Slave Law, which stipulated serious punishments for any person aiding a fugitive Southern slave in the North. In this sense, consensus was reached and a certain balance was kept, while the basics of the democratic constitution were kept. (Rozwenc, 1957)"
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African American Students, 2008.
A research proposal to identify and address the various factors affecting the academic achievement of African-American students.
927 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper states that previous research has typically addressed only one or two factors that affect the academic achievements of African-American students. This research proposes addressing the all-encompassing factors after having identified the various factors that do have an effect upon the academic achievement of these specific students.
Outline:
Statement / Background of the Problem
II. Research Design & Theoretical Framework
Setting/Participants
Research Questions
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Significance of the Study
From the Paper
"Qualitative methods have been used in the study of the behavior of humans since the inception of the field of psychology. Theoretical work in recent critical psychology has placed emphasis on the value of qualitative methods while study has been focused on "statistics and scientific objectification" (Fox and Prillentensky, 1997; as cited in Osborne (2001) when other methods may be the most appropriate specifically in the study of structural, culturally affected factors in an organization or educational institution."
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Romanticism Slavery, 2008.
An analysis of Federick Douglass' arguments presented in his work, "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass."
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes Frederick Douglass' work, "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass." The paper specifically focuses on how Douglass deliberately and compellingly refuted the general worldview that the white race was doing Africans a favor by bringing them into contact with civilization and introducing them to the Christian God.
From the Paper
"Frederick Douglass wrote of the Emancipation Proclamation, "Common Sense, the necessities of war, to say nothing of the dictation of justice and humanity have at last prevailed. We shout for joy that we live to record this righteous decree." It is quite likely that Lincoln was aware of the response this proclamation would elicit from black Americans: "Moreover, the liberated themselves became the liberators, for the proclamation also announced the acceptance of men into the Union arm and navy." By simultaneously freeing most of the southern slaves and permitting their admittance into the armed forces, Lincoln provided some indication of his underlying motives. One main reason for the Emancipation Proclamation was that it formally welcomed a very willing fighting force amid the Union ranks."
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Race and Anti-hypertensive Medications, 2008.
This paper looks at hypertension and examines how this condition varies within different racial groups.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular condition among American adults, with one third of adults in the United States being afflicted. The writer discusses that the prevalence of hypertension varies across racial groups, with African Americans being the most disproportionately affected in comparison to Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. In general, African Americans experience a shorter life expectancy than white Americans, and this may be due to the greater organ damage experienced by this population as a result of earlier onset of high blood pressure and high severity of hypertension. The writer maintains that, due to the greater prevalence of hypertension among the African-American population, it is crucial that attention be paid to treatments and preventions that are most optimal for this population.
From the Paper
"Brewster, van Montfrans, and Kleijnen systematically reviewed the effectiveness of various antihypertensive drugs in the reduction of blood pressure, morbidity, and mortality among African American adults with hypertension. Their investigation was conducted through a search of medical research databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, African Index Medicus, and the Cochrane Library. The results yielded from this investigation indicated that the effectiveness of beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors in reducing hypertension did not differ significantly from effects of a placebo. Other reviewed drugs such as calcium channel blockers, diuretics, central sympatholtics, alpha-blockers, and angiotensin II receptor blockers were demonstrated as more effective than placebos in reducing hypertension among African Americans. However, this investigation demonstrated that there were no significant differences in morbidity and mortality outcomes between treatment groups."
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