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Educational Leadership, 2008.
This paper explores the theoretical framework underlying change processes within the educational environment.
2,649 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at seven well-known authors in the field of change theory and innovation and discusses the common elements among these authorities of change and innovation. The paper clearly shows how change is inevitable and there is a need for all members of the organization to embrace each other as change occurs. The paper also shows how education and continuous support and feedback is of paramount importance.
Outline:
Introduction
Review
Analysis of Theories of Change Management
Common Elements Among Theorists & Leaders Approach To Change
Strategies Most Likely To Be Successful For Leadership
From the Paper
"Eckel & Kezar (2002) review the theoretical framework underlying many change processes within institutional settings, evaluating tools and methods that work to help overcome resistance to change in the educational environment. The authors suggest the dominant strategy leading to successful adoption of change at all levels of education is staff development or development strategies that promote self-reflection among staff members, which in turn promotes a culture more willing to adopt change (Eckel & Kezar, p. 435). The authors hypothesize a direct relationship exists between institutional culture and change, and that if culture is changed through direct interactions with staff members, that less resistance to change will be met by members of the organization."
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Breakfast and Students' Attention Span, 2008.
An analysis of how hunger negatively affects the attention span and performance of students.
3,184 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship between eating breakfast and school performance. It discusses how bodily health affects the attention span of students and the negative effects that being hungry has on students and their academic performance. The paper analyzes the literature in order to gain a complete understanding of the issues involved.
Table of Contents:
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4
Article 5
Article 6
From the Paper
"The present survey indicated that Australian students skipped breakfast more on the basis of gender than income (Shaw 1998). Female students did so thrice as much as male students did. It would, then, seem to be the product of personal choice rather than by socioeconomic level. Gender and cultural values would also influence that personal choice. This should engage the attention and priority of policymakers and health authorities. The skipping breakfast phenomenon should be seen as a result of poverty as well as a gender issue. Feeding programs will not help those who skip breakfast for vanity reasons. Teaching students the importance of eating breakfast can decrease or discourage the habit. Instead, they should b taught how to build self-esteem and healthful ways of controlling weight. Nonetheless, these students cannot be easily separated or warned against their prevailing social and cultural environment in the attempt to develop the new attitude. Further longitudinal investigations, involving the use of a variety of methods, should be conducted to cover other, but equally, significant areas (Shaw)."
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Lifespan Development Theory, 2008.
This paper looks at the expectation theory that concerns child and adolescent development.
2,486 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents an examination of the expectation development theory as it relates to child and adolescent life span development. The theory is developed by the writer using the character Forrest Gump as the case study. The writer notes that though the character Forrest Gump is a fictional character in a movie, the character provides a perfect back drop for understanding and applying the invented theory of expectation development. The writer concludes that the movie shows the world that the theory can be applied to human life with little regard to particular cultures or societies and this lends credibility to the truth of the theory itself.
From the Paper
"The Expectation Theory of Life Span development involves several stages of life. It is built on the idea that individuals pass through various stages of expectations and if these stages are successfully met and handled they are mentally, emotionally and physically able to move into the next step of their life span development.
The theory examined and discovered that the importance of adults, peers and others in the life of an individual alternates as various stages of development are entered into and conquered.
"The first stage of the theory involves the child's expectations of the world. As the child is born and travels through his or her basic infancy the child develops expectations of the world and how the world should react to his needs.
This is observed by a child's cry when hungry, wet or ill and the expectation of that child that his or her needs will be met by those that surround his or her life.
"One example of this can be seen in the child who cries when hungry. The expectation the child has from that cry is that one of the caretakers will appear with a bottle or breast, however if that does not happen the child begins to expect negative results from his or her cry. This makes it difficult to move into the next stage of development."
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Classroom Theory, 2008.
This paper discusses the use of learning theory in the classroom.
1,566 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that a variety of learning theories are available to assist teachers in determining the most appropriate means to deliver classroom instruction. The writer explains that behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic learning theories each utilize a different approach to explain how individuals learn. These theories also define different roles for both teachers and students within the classroom and during the learning process. This essay considers behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic learning theories and looks at how they can be applied in an eleventh grade trigonometry classroom.
From the Paper
"In an 11th grade trigonometry classroom, the teacher could use the behaviorist approach by providing students with rewards, such as candy or free time during class, for mastering a concept or completing homework on time. Conversely, the teacher could use punishment, perhaps in the form of staying after school, to discourage late assignments or failure to work during class.
One of the reasons why students sometimes cannot appreciate math is the fact that many of them view the subject as having no real use in the real world. To make students more receptive to the concepts they are being taught, they need a better understanding of the practical applications of math. The teacher can explain how trigonometry is essential in building or creating new technology."
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Students with Learning Disabilities, 2008.
A discussion on how to teach elementary students with learning problems.
1,898 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the manner in which elementary teachers work with students with learning disabilities and what works well and what does not work. The paper also analyzes the effects on self esteem, anxiety, frustration and behavior in the learning disabled student. Lastly, the paper provides an overview of the parent, child, and legal perspective of teaching the learning disabled student.
Outline:
Classroom Techniques: What Works vs. What Does Not Work
Learning Disabilities & Effects on Self Esteem
Learning Disabilities & Effects on Anxiety, Frustration & Behavior
Learning Disabilities & the Parent Perspective
Learning Disabilities & the Child Perspective
Learning Disabilities & the Legal Perspective
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Parents of learning disabled students are not only concerned about their child's ability to learn, they are also concerned about their child being emotionally and socially prepared for school. Additional research suggests that parents of learning disabled students respond that their child has behavior problems, is immature, and/or has low self esteem, and therefore is not socially ready to begin school. Behavior problems that are often seen in children by parents and teachers can be, and often are, interpreted as a child not being socially and emotionally ready for school. Parents must balance letting their child 'be a child' at the same time they are effectively addressing inappropriate behaviors. Learning disabled elementary students need the support of their parents, and if the parental expectations and aspirations are too high this can have a negative impact. Research by Mondell and Tyler (1981) found positive relations between parents' competence and their instructional method used with their children. Those parents with higher levels of competence offered their children more problem solving strategies. This research supports that parents with higher parenting efficacy view their child as being able to learn from their example."
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Intercultural Communication, 2008.
This paper discusses the interaction between people from different cultures.
3,300 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the topic of intercultural communication and discusses that this is an academic field of study that aims to look at how people from different cultures interact with each other. The writer notes that culture can simply be considered as the basic values, attitudes and behaviors of a certain group of people most of the time. The writer maintains that as there is a significant influence of the different cultures on human interaction, it is no longer affordable for the ordinary American to remain ignorant of these cultural diversities. Therefore the motivation to learn more about global cultures was never greater than it is today. The writer concludes that for this very purpose many universities in America and elsewhere are today offering inter cultural communication programs whose objective is to enable people, groups, and organizations to function effectively across borders and cultures, to respect other cultures, and to be more sensitive to the values and attitudes that they hold dear, and at the same time, to be better able to communicate with each other.
From the Paper
"There are various examples of cultural filters in the corporate environment and beyond. Attitudes to the labor market form an important cultural filter. Some cultures prefer lower pyramids of management, where the employees are prepared to take more responsibility for their own work, and management is considered to be a facilitating, rather than imposing presence. In other cultures, relatively higher pyramids of management are acceptable, thus resulting in the employee giving less importance to self-responsibility. Taking the example of employee training, it would be essential for the trainer to be aware of the cultural leanings of the groups in question in order for the training to achieve its objectives. The trainer can elicit reactions such as unwillingness or disinterest if his training methods assume a personal responsibility towards the learning process, whereas the employee is used to being "managed". This confrontation can be avoided through better cultural understanding."
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The Use of Technology in Classroom Curricula, 2008.
An examination of the factors that affect the success of the incorporation of technology into classroom curricula.
2,044 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the use of new technology, specifically computers and the Internet, in education. The paper looks at how this technology offers teachers an effectual and informative way to enhance educational instruction and variety for their students. The paper also discusses the factors that influence the effectiveness of the incorporation of technology into classroom curricula.
From the Paper
"Similarly, Fleming, Motamedi, and May (2007) found that pre-service teachers who had experience with technology in college would more likely be favorable of including high-tech instruction. The purpose of their research was to see if modeling by university professors and practicum and cooperating teachers was related to pre-service teachers' perceptions of their computer technology skills and if pre-service teachers' use of technology in academic and other settings was related to those perceptions. In the study, at the end of the semester during which they completed their student teaching, 79 pre-service teacher education students responded to a questionnaire concerning their training experience and computer technology skills. The results suggested that the more extensively pre-service teachers observe computer technology being used and the more they use computer technology in and out of the student teaching classroom, the more likely they would be to report competence in the computer technology skills. It appears by these findings that as pre-service teachers observe models and obtain hands-on experience with computer technology, they will feel more proficient with their skills and feel more comfortable in including this approach in their daily instruction."
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Adult Education, 2008.
This paper explores two articles on the topic of adult learning; "Adults as Learners", by Stephen Lieb and "Issues in Understanding Adult Learning", by Stephen Brookfield.
1,409 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper first examines the article, "Adults as Learners", by Stephen Lieb, which discusses the characteristics of adult learning. The paper contrasts this to the article "Issues in Understanding Adult Learning", where Stephen Brookfield challenges the concept that adults have a radically different pattern, style and willingness to learn from the way children and adolescents learn. The paper looks at the impact of these two articles on the training and development field and concludes that the tips provided by Lieb will allow adults to be taught new material, while at the same time the concerns of Brookfield should be given attention. The paper notes that as the need for learning expands to a global level, it is important to determine which of the experts is correct.
From the Paper
"Andragogy is the term used for the theory of adult learning. The theory was developed because experts in the field of learning recognized that educating young students produces an entirely different set of circumstances and needs, than educating adults brings forth. Students who are not yet adults bring very little to the table by way of life experiences and the education path is significantly more instructor driven than adult learning situations can create(Noe, 2004). For this reason the adult learning theory was created."
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Illinois Standardized Testing Program, 2008.
Argues that the Illinois standardized testing program is not helping students overall.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the types of instruments, data and instructional strategies available to raise the students' scores in reading on the Illinois standard achievement test and the standardized testing the state requires of all students. The writer believes that standardized testing should not be abolished but rather that it measure what the students are actually learning. The Wilson School in Chicago Heights, Illinois, is used as an example of the standardized testing issues faced by this state and its children. The writer recommends adjusting the testing program to meet five goals, which are much more important for students than their specific scores on a test.
From the Paper
"The third grade students have been the focus group tested by the state in reading on the ISAT for years. The existing data records for 1999-2001 show the percentage of students at the local (Wilson School), state, and district levels who have failed to meet the state standards in reading at the third-grade level. Data for the third-grade teachers at Wilson can also be found through their university transcripts and professional development records kept in the central office files."
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Contextual Factors in the Classroom, 2008.
This paper explores how contextual factors affect the teaching/learning process in the mathematical classroom.
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses community, classroom and student characteristics that include geographic factors, community and school population, socio-economics, race/ethnicity, community stability and classroom rules and routines, grouping patterns, scheduling and arrangement and how they affect the teaching/learning process. The paper explains that contextual factors also acknowledge the impact of aspects like attitudes, perceptions, expectations, abilities, gender, socio-cultural background and maturity on every learning experience. The paper also looks at how community, classroom and student characteristics influence instructional planning and assessment.
From the Paper
"It generally goes without saying that contextual factors play an important role in mathematical classroom via the way they affect the teaching/learning process. Among these factors are environmental (geographic location), community and school population, socio-economics, race/ethnicity, community stability, political climate and community support for education as well as classroom factors represented by rules and routines, grouping patterns, scheduling and classroom arrangement. Student characteristics should also be examined when designing instruction and assessing learning, such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, special needs, achievement/developmental levels, culture, language, interests, learning styles/modalities and skill levels."
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