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Family Literacy Programs, 2008.
A research paper that attempts to identify a family literacy program which assists English language students to develop their language skills.
9,389 words (approx. 37.6 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 193.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses a study to identify best practices for the effective delivery of educational services to English literacy learning students using a family literacy program approach. The paper comments that the challenges of educating students who do not speak a societal language are enormous and that educating such students is not just a question of teaching English: It is rather a question of providing large numbers of students with access to the curriculum at the same time that they are learning English. The paper uses a five-chapter format to discuss questions related to the topic with the fifth chapter providing a summary of the research, salient conclusions and recommendations.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Design of the Study
Summary And Recapitulation Of Main Themes
From the Paper
"The day when a third of America was plagued by apartheid is long gone of course, and "white-only" waiting rooms and drinking fountains are a nasty thing of the past. Today, a black man and a white woman are candidates for the presidency of the United States, and it is clear that although much remains to be done, much has been accomplished in the last five decades to advance the rights of women and African Americans. In fact, there may come a day when blacks and white find themselves at a distinct disadvantage because of shifting demographic patterns in the U.S., and sharing a common language and a common - albeit shameful in some cases -- legacy will bring them closer together in the face of these multicultural trends. Even together, though, blacks and whites may be faced with a new United States in the mid-20th century where Spanish is the predominate language in a majority of the states of the union, and they will be seeking out family literacy programs to help them survive in this new environment just as ELL learners are doing today. Given these trends, it is clearly in the best interests of an increasingly polyglot nation to ensure that everyone can communicate, and the English-only initiatives springing up across the country will not solve the problem. What is needed is a more informed view of the problem by mainstream Americans, particularly since they or their children may well find themselves in the ELL predicament sooner than they might think. All in all, family literacy programs were shown to just be good business. These programs provide an enormous return on their investment, and because the investment is in the nation's future, they are also the right thing to do today to help ensure the viability of a different America in the coming years."
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Early Childhood Education, 2008.
A review of observing and assessing young children's education.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper defines "assessment" and states that educators use this in an attempt to see if a student qualifies to advance to the next grade. The paper relates that an assessment should be done by early childhood professionals, not only to check for the child's progress but also to test the effectiveness of a teacher's method of teaching. The paper states that assessment of a child's learning is done through observation, tests and checklists, and school projects. The paper discusses the many purposes of assessments and the manner in which the results are interpreted.
From the Paper
"Assessment of children serves several purposes. Authentic assessment evaluates the extent of a child's learning and his ability to follow directions on a certain activity. An assessment provides information to benefit other sectors that are involved with the child's development. Apart from quantifying what a child has learned so far, conducting an assessment also reveals his inadequacies. Early childhood professionals are able to communicate to families about their children's progress in learning. Learning in school and at home can be compared. Conducting an assessment will allow for the improvement of early childhood programs by identifying what policies are needed. Teachers benefit by knowing what to improve his lesson plans and methods. He is also able to relate to families regarding the children's academic performance. The general public also benefits from an assessment because it provides information regarding children's and students' school-wide achievements. It also provides information on which areas school programs are deficient, catalyzing policies to be made."
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Remuneration Packages of UK University Executives, 2008.
A study to investigate if the rank of a university has a significant effect on the salary of the Vice Chancellor and other staff at the university.
6,336 words (approx. 25.3 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a study carried out that shows that university rank has a significant effect on the salary of Vice Chancellors (VC) because of limitations in financial resources at these institutions. Other findings in this study are that two factors hold primary influence in the remuneration package awarded to VCs at UK universities. These factors are internal pay scales of other academic employees and external pay scales of CEOs in other similar size firms in the UK.
Outline:
Introduction
Objectives
Research Question
Background of the Study
Overview of Following Chapters
Literature Review
Methodology
Analysis of Findings
Conclusion
Appendix A: VIice-Chancellors' Annual Salaries 2006-2007
From the Paper
"In a report published March 21 2006, it is related in the University of Surrey Students' Newspaper as follows: "Unions representing university teachers are calling for an inquiry in light of the recent revelations that Vice Chancellors have enjoyed a 25% pay increase over the past three years. Among the top paid Vice Chancellors in the country, the University of Surrey was the third highest. Although the national average for the VC increase was around a quarter, UniS and Cardiff gave their Vice-Chancellors the biggest rise with a 61% salary increase." (Bates and Ward, 2006) The report goes on to relate that an inquiry will be requested by the Association of University Teachers who plan to write to Ruth Kelly, Education Secretary, requesting the same. (Bates and Ward, 2006; paraphrased) This report states that it is important for Vice-Chancellors pay to be scrutinized in the same manner as lecturers and other staff at the universities. Bates and Ward state that while "Vice-chancellors do a demanding job as chief executives of complex, multimillion pound organizations..." they are paid for than the Prime Minister, Tony Blair, in many cases. (Bates and Ward, 2006)"
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Bronfenbrenner and Development, 2008.
This paper discusses Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development.
1,377 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in many ways, the ecological theory posited by Bronfenbrenner can be used to describe the levels of development in the writer's personal and academic life. This theory of development is based on interactive levels of input and experience that can be transposed and used to discuss the decisions made in the writer's personal life, which led to a change from a career focused on children and family services to the geriatric population and gerontology. This paper not only attempts to show how this personal development corresponds to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development but also analyzes and elucidates this theoretical standpoint and its ramifications.
From the Paper
"In essence, the theory put forward by Bronfenbrenner stresses the quality as well as the context of the developmental environment that extends from childhood to adulthood and to later life. A central facet that is emphasized in the theory is the interaction between the individual and the environment and the complexity of this interaction in the developmental process. Many of the above stages can be relate to the different dimensions of an individual's development. For example, the Macrosystem can present environmental factors that can both help or hinder the developmental progress of the childe or young adult. "
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Performance Assessment Tools: A Comparison, 2008.
A discussion of the relative merits of formative assessment and standardized achievement tests.
1,504 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two kinds of performance assessments, formative assessment as described in an article by N. Starkman, and standardized achievement tests as described in an article by Beswick, Willms & Sloat. The author explains that formative assessment is the most effective form of student assessment available for determining student achievement, while standardized achievement tests can assess and focus on emergent readers' needs and potentially the needs of the system in which they are educated. The writer concludes that standardized tests offer a lot of information to educators that would not otherwise be available, but are inferior as an independent assessment tool to formative tests, which show individual progress over time and can be used for near instantaneous intervention.
From the Paper
"Standardized achievement tests have been in use for many years, and have become the foundation of outcomes based curriculum. They are purported to measure how a student fares with regard to the rest of the population of common students or students of the same educational level or grade. They are often grade and subject based and can also be compiled in a variety of ways to assess the performance of very large groups, including all the compatible students in a single grade in an entire state and where standardized tests are found in common even among several states."
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School Bullying, 2008.
An analysis of the physiological and psychological damage of bullying in school.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to examine the effects that bullying and teasing in school have on elementary, middle school and high school students and the resulting damage to their physiological or psychological growth.
Outline:
Introduction
Bullying and PTSD
Lifetime Harm
Stressors Chemically Burned Into Long-Term Memory
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Nader and Koch entitled: "Does Bullying Result in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? Relates that bullying in schools "is a widespread problem that has received greater attention in recent years." (2006; p.1) Nader and Koch relate that bullying "occurs repeatedly over time and involves and ongoing pattern of harassment, intimidation and abuse." (2006; p.1) Furthermore, bullying may be physical or relational and generally occurs at school and "between peers within the same school year." (Nader and Koch, 2006; p.1) Nader and Koch relates that there have been studies to report negative psychological and physical effects of school bullying which include "...reduced self-esteem, poor physical health, decreased school attendance and performance and increased depression and anxiety." (2006; p.1) "
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The Technology Classroom - Positive Learning Advances, 2008.
A look at the impact of technology in the classroom.
941 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the remarkable technological advances in America's classrooms over the past ten or fifteen years that have changed the way teachers teach and the way students learn.
Outline:
Overview
Duhaney's Article Shows What Trained Teachers Can Do
Traditional vs. Innovative - and Innovative Wins
Using Technology to Pinpoint Specific Student Needs
From the Paper
"OVERVIEW: The remarkable technology advances in America's classrooms over the past ten or fifteen years have changed the way teachers teach and the way students learn. Not every classroom is up to date with high-end digital technology; but many, if not most, teachers have access to the Internet, and other helpful interactive technology tools. Students no longer create essays on typewriters, but instead Apple and Dell and other companies make computers available to schools at low prices. Writers Agapova and Ushakov, in their article, contrast the traditional with the innovative way (through ChemQuest) of teaching in high school chemistry classes. It proved successful. Teacher Mary Rooney in Philadelphia was able to pinpoint exactly where students were falling behind through the use of ISM technology, in Justine Brown's article. And as Devon Duhaney points out in his article, even though some teachers have a fear of new technologies, in a well-planned program by a knowledgeable teacher, there is the opportunity for wonderful interaction between students and teachers utilizing these marvelous technologies. The three articles bring out the point that when teachers have the training they need to implement the technologies fully and fairly, students are more than ready to learn in new and exciting ways. In fact, if teachers and schools do not provide the opportunity for students to learn with up-to-date technologies, students will be bored in a hurry and the learning will be limited."
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Achievement Gaps, 2008.
This paper discusses reasons for the existence of achievement gaps and looks at possible ways of reducing these gaps.
8,300 words (approx. 33.2 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 176.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for many years there has been a considerable achievement gap in America. Most often this achievement gap is evident when comparing wealthy children to poor children. There are also achievement gaps along the lines of race and gender. The writer explores why these achievement gaps exist and the ways in which these gaps can be reduced. The writer also provides some facts concerning the types of achievement gaps that exist in America. The writer maintains that achievement gaps between white and black students begin in elementary school and exist throughout adulthood. The research suggests that such factors as poverty, under funding and racism play substantial roles in contributing to the achievement gap amongst American students.
Outline:
Introduction
Achievement Gap
Why Does an Achievement Gap Exist?
Poverty
Unequal Funding
Locus of Control
Acting White
Academic Disengagement
Reasons for Academic Disengagement
How to reduce the Achievement Gap
Adequate School Funding and School Choice
Better Trained and Better Paid Teachers
Detracking
Changing Perceptions
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When schools do not have adequate funding they can not purchase enough books for every student, school equipment may be deteriorating and students may not have access to the technologies needed. A lack of these essential tools can make it difficult for students to thrive.
"In addition to adequate school funding, school choice may be needed in some districts. The issue of school choice is a controversial one but parents and students should not have to bear the cost of schools that are failing children and not providing them with the education needed to compete in the world. In a perfect world schools would get funding and well trained teachers but the reality is that in order to close the achievement gap some serious issues must be addressed and this may result in the temporary or permanent closing of underperforming or failing schools."
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Existentialism in Modern Education, 2008.
This paper discusses the application of an existential philosophical point of view to the role and methods of the modern educational process.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that while only a small percentage of students study existentialist philosophy in a formal sense, all students can benefit from an educational environment that incorporates elements of its point of view. The paper explains the primary purpose of the modern educational system and how a more existential approach to education would encourage students to use their educational opportunities to identify their true talents and most genuine academic and life interests. The paper then focuses on the role of the existential educator.
Outline:
Existential Philosophy in Education
Existential Values and Benefits in Education
The Role of the Educator
From the Paper
"Applying existentialism to modern education differs from many other types of suggestions for changes to educational philosophy in that it pertains almost exclusively to the motivational component rather than to any operational or mechanical aspect of teaching. Furthermore, because it relates exclusively to motivation for learning, the existential approach to education is equally applicable to virtually every subject and to all types of instructional methodologies."
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Literacy Program Study, 2008.
A study identifying ways a family literacy program can help English language learner students develop their English language skills.
784 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a description of a study design for teaching English as a second language. It proposes how the research will be conducted, including the measuring instrument used and how the data will be analyzed. The paper states that the study intends to use a random sampling approach to provide every member of the population (the total family members in the school) with an equal chance of being selected for participation in the study survey. The paper concludes with an explanation of how the data collected will be analyzed.
Outline:
Design of the Study
Selection of the Sample
Measuring Instrument
Procedures
Analysis of Data
References
Appendices
From the Paper
"The instrument to be used in this study will be based on The Home Activities Questionnaire developed by Hammer and Miccio (2000) wherein four quantitative dimensions of family literacy are examined: (a) parents' literacy activities (e.g., frequency with which the mother read a book, magazine, checked out a library book, use recipe, etc.), (b) parent-child literacy activities (e.g., frequency with which the parent taught colors, shapes, the alphabet, letter sounds, etc.), (c) the availability of reading materials (the number of adult and children's books available in the home), and (d) reading with children (frequency with which the parent reads books to the child) are measured using a Likert-scaled series of questions. These four dimensions will be measured using the questions in the proforma survey instrument at Appendix A. The questionnaire will be translated into Spanish and administered in the language of the subject's choice."
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