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Gas Chromatography, 2000.
A definition, general principles, apparatus used, sampling, types and conductivity detectors.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Gas chromatography is a method for the separation and analysis of complex mixtures of volatile organic and inorganic compounds (1:666). Most compounds with boiling points less than 250oC (480oF) can be analyzed using this technique. This paper will describe the apparatus used for gas chromatography, the principles on which it works, how a thermal conductivity detector works in gas chromatography, and whether or not it can be used with a sample of potassium t-butoxide.
General Principles of Gas Chromatography
There are two types of gas chromatography: gas-liquid chromatography, where the sorbent is a nonvolatile liquid called the stationary liquid phase, coated as a thin layer on an inert, granular solid support; and gas-solid chromatography, where the sorbent is a granular solid of large surface area (1:666). The..."
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Effects of Alcohol on Taste and Smell, 2000.
A fefination of alcohol and analysis of its impact on two senses.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Effects of Alcohol on Taste and Smell
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of alcohol on people?s perception of taste and smell. The paper begins with a brief description of the impacting factor (alcohol) and how it operates. It then goes on to discuss the affects of alcohol at the first and second levels of perception of taste and smell. The final section of the paper presents a several conclusions formulated on the basis of the reviewed literature.
The Impacting Factor: Alcohol
Definition and Operation
Alcohol is the term used to refer to any class of organic compounds characterized by one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups attached to..."
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Reducing Porosity in Brass, 2000.
A technical examination of methods of reduction, history, phase diagrams, density, hardening and more.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 14 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Matrix management is associated with a matrix organizational form. A matrix form of organization is an organizational structure with two or more (a) channels of command, (b) lines of budget authority, (c) sources of performance reward, and (d) so forth.
From the Paper
"Methods of Reducing Porosity In Brass
Introduction. Matrix management is associated with a matrix organizational form. A matrix form of organization is an organizational structure with two or more (a) channels of command, (b) lines of budget authority, (c) sources of performance reward, and (d) so forth. A lack of maximal density, or some porosity, must exist in the metals' lattice structure or must be introduced in the alloying process. Explored here are methods metallurgists may use to minimize porosity in brass.
Brass. A useful alloy of two metals, copper and zinc (9:166), brass has been formed for cultural uses and ornamentation since the 13th century BC (1:9). The term, brass, indicates any of an infinite possible set of mixes of "copper-..."
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Beta Carotene, 1999.
Examines the structure, chemistry and biological activity, focusing on antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties in animal systems.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 25 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Examines the structure, chemistry and biological activity, focusing on antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties in animal systems.
From the Paper
"Beta Carotene
The carotenoids as a group, and specifically the beta carotenes, are known to serve a variety of functions in living cells. Presented here is an overview of the structure, chemistry, and biological activity of beta carotene, with emphasis on its capacity as an antioxidant and anti-carcinogen in animal systems.
Beta carotene is a member of a class of pigments called carotenoids, which occur naturally in plants and are found as well in animals. A precursor of vitamin A, also called provitamin A, it is found as an orange-red pigment in terrestrial plants, algae and some marine mammals. After purification, it appears as ruby-red crystals, easily oxidized on contact with air, with MP 184 degrees, MW 536.44. It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, soluble in chloroform, carbon disulfide, ether and benzene. Its ..."
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Carbohydrates, Lipids & Proteins, 1997.
Examines role of these carbon compounds in human diet & nutrition, related to organic chemistry.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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"Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Carbon compounds are central to the existence of every life form on earth. They make up the muscles of animals and human, the stems and leaves of plants, the molecules that transfer genetic information, protective clothing, hydrocarbons that breakdown to provide the energy for transport, and perhaps most important the food products for nutrition. In this paper, aspects of the relationship between organic chemistry and the three major food groups - carbohydrates, lipids and proteins - are explored.
An enormous amount of time and energy is spent preparing and eating the food that sustains and maintains human health. Consuming food is pleasurable and culturally significant, as exemplified by the holiday meals at Christmas, Hanukah, and the celebrations at wedding receptions. As a result of the abundance.."
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Friedrich Wohler, 1996.
Career, major concepts & discoveries of 19th Cent. German chemist.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 15 sources, $ 79.95
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"Many fundamental concepts in chemistry can be traced back to Friedrich W?hler. A mild-mannered scientist, W?hler's discoveries revolutionized the understanding of organic chemicals. His artificial synthesis of urea eventually led to the overthrow of the theory of vitalism. In addition, W?hler contributed to ideas on isomerism and organic radicals. His work has ultimately had a great influence on the development of many fields of scientific endeavor.
A quiet, gentle person, Friedrich W?hler combined his "passion for chemistry" with a "great love of the open air, the beauties of nature and of all living things" (Findlay, 1965, pp. 323-324). Indeed, that branch of chemistry dealing with compounds of carbon is widely considered to have been started by..."
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Polyvinyl Chloride, 1996.
Development of this plastic & uses in industry & home, physical properties, manufacture, environmental issues, polymerization, costs.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, $ 71.95
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"Compared to most other materials, plastics have been introduced relatively recently. In fact, many of the major developments in plastics technology have occurred over the last 50 years. One plastic that currently finds widespread application in the construction industry is polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Although PVC has been around for over 100 years, it wasn't developed commercially until about the 1930s. The pure resin consists of a linear polymer. The compound's chlorine atoms cause considerable inter-chain attraction. Hence, in its pure state, the material is hard and rigid. With modifying agents, however, PVC can be softened to produce an entire array of flexible products. Indeed, the substance may be the most versatile of the plastics. PVC is currently found in cable..."
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Chemical Synthesis of Peptides, 1996.
Discovery, process, history, techniques, properties, side effects.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 79.95
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"Peptides were first synthesized around the turn of the century. During the following decades, the compounds found many applications. At present, both solid and liquid phase methods may be used to chemically formulate peptides. The formation of a peptide bond requires both activation and protection. Although these processes have a long history, researchers continue to search for better coupling reagents and improved protecting group strategies.
Curtius (1881) and Fischer (1902) were the first to synthesize simple peptide derivatives (2:1-8). About that time, Hofmeister (1902) and Fischer (1906) additionally recognized that proteins actually consist of amino acids linked together by amide bonds. Subsequent peptide research generally involved the..."
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Empirical Formula, 2002.
A laboratory report using an empirical formula to find a compound created inside the crucible.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
he paper is written in the form of a laboratory report. The purpose of the experiment was to use an empirical formula in order to find a compound which has been created inside a crucible. The paper shows the procedure in which the experiment was done as well as its outcome. Flow charts, tabulated results and mathematical calculations are also included in the paper.
From the Paper
"The importance of safety precautions is extremely important in trying to maintain a safe and healthful research environment. When working with all extremely hot metals with your hands, gloves should be worn at all times. The temperatures of these metals or ?hot objects? absorb heat and could cause damage to the skin if touched. Without the use of gloves, hands can be severely burnt. One mistake or foolish act could cause much pain and suffering to students in the laboratory. People who do not handle hot objects carefully can get their nerves burnt off on their finger tips and could possibly never feel again. It is not worth taking a risk of not using gloves when applicable. Everyone wants to be safe in the laboratory so it is important to be aware and cautious. A safe laboratory is a safe life."
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Nitric Oxide, 2001.
Technical discussion of the discovery of how nitric oxide acts in the human body. Its value in treating cardiovascular disease.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, $ 95.95
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"In 1998, three American scientists were awarded the Nobel prize for Physiology and Medicine for their discovery that nitric oxide, a common gas in air pollution, transmits signals within the human body (Maugh, 1998). The discovery was hailed as one of the most important in the history of cardiovascular medicine, and was predicted to lead the way to treating high blood pressure and heart attacks. It led to the development of Viagra, to a new treatment for newborns with dangerously high blood pressure in their lungs, and to drugs for the treatment of shock.
"The signaling function of nitric oxide influences virtually every organ system in the body. The discovery that nitric acid produced by one cell could alter the function of other cells is an entirely new principle for signaling in biological systems...."
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