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Sustainable Development, 2008.
This paper explores sustainable development and the Clean Water Act.
2,096 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that sustainable development involves balancing human needs with the preservation and protection of the natural environment. The paper then discusses the Clean Water Act and its many environmental and social benefits but highlights the difficulty in enforcing this type of legislation. The paper concludes that individuals that are concerned about their environment must speak up and make a strong case for sustainable development.
From the Paper
"The term 'sustainable development' is one that many people still do not understand the meaning of, and there are arguments as to whether it is even a correct and proper term for what it is intending to describe. Broadly, however, sustainable development involves the balancing act that is required between human needs and the preservation and protection of the natural environment (Girard, 1998). This balance is not easy to attain, because there are always individuals ready to argue for one side of the issue or the other, and often they have difficulty finding any kind of willingness to meet in the middle. This is unfortunate, but it is the human condition in today's society and it does not appear to be changing. "
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Plague in the Modern Era, 2008.
This paper gives a thorough overview of the plague, including it's history, transmission, forms, symptoms and preventions in the Modern era.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the plague, stating that the "Black Death" that gripped Medieval Europe was not the first reported incident of a plague epidemic, which was actually first recorded in AD 541. The paper also talks about the causes of these mass epidemics, which modern scientists now understand as being the living conditions in Medieval Europe, including overcrowded conditions and a lack of hygiene. However, as the paper analyzes, plagues are still found in modern times because the plague could be transmitted by almost any mammal, since fleas are pests that plague almost every mammal species. Specifically, this paper looks into the different transmission avenues of the plague virus, as well as the three different forms of the plague: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, and septicemic plague and the symptoms of each. Furthermore, treatment regimes, geographic areas of infection and prevention techniques are discussed in this paper. All references for this paper are contained in the footnotes provided.
From the Paper
"The treatment regime is the same, regardless of the type of plague involved. When plague is suspected, the patient is to be immediately isolated. A suspected plague diagnosis can be made from a combination of symptoms and risk factors. The risk factors include living in an area of known plague foci, contact with sick animals (including employment as a veterinarian or in a similar position), wilderness activity, fleabite, or recent plague in the community. Furthermore, a plague diagnosis triggers reporting requirements to certain health departments, including the Centers for Disease Control. The Centers for Disease Control reports plague incidents to the World Health Organization. Laboratory tests can confirm a plague diagnosis. Diagnostic tests include: a complete blood count, a urinalysis, arterial blood gas, peripheral smear looking for Y pestis coccobaccilus, gram stain, cultures of blood, sputum, and bubo aspirate, chest radiography, specialized diagnostic testing, a F1 antigen rapid diagnostic test, Y pestis fluorescent antibody stain, and a Y pestis fluorescent antibody titer."
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Extinction, 2008.
An examination of extinction and its relation to the total ecosystem.
1,674 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that fact that the ability of a species to survive the extinction of another, depends on its ability to adapt. The paper continues and states that omnivores fair better than those with a limited range of food because if a single food source disappears from the environment, it can more easily find another suitable food source. More highly specialized members of the ecosystem will not be able to substitute food as those that can eat a variety of food. The paper details that the extinction of a single food species will quickly follow the elimination of their major food source. The paper supports the thesis that non-random species loss will have a more devastating effect on the community and than random species loss.
Outline:
Research Methods and Extinction
The Example of Plants and Avian Species
Conclusions
From the Paper
" In order to understand the extent and severity of the current crisis that we are facing regarding the rapid decline in bird species, we must look to past extinction events. Geochemical analysis is often used in conjunction with paleontological data in order to examine past extinctions more closely (Martin, 2007). Fossil evidence analyzed in this manner demonstrates that increasing oxygen levels increases the number of species as well. As oxygen levels decrease, the number of species in the fossil record decreases as well."
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The Concept of Disease, 2008.
This paper looks at the concept of disease from a general medical practice and homeopathic medicine perspective.
7,480 words (approx. 29.9 pages), 28 sources, MLA, $ 164.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides the relevant background and comparison of general medicine and homeopathic concepts of disease. Further, the writer discusses how their similarities and differences affect the choice of treatment modalities and their effect on the patients involved. The research shows that general medicine concepts of disease relate to dysfunctions in the body that are characterized by specific symptoms that can be diagnosed and treated. In contrast, the research also shows that in homeopathy, practitioners consider disease symptoms as the body's own attempts to heal itself. The writer maintains that in most cases, homeopaths use medicines that mimic the symptoms of the disease but do so in such attenuated amounts that these active ingredients are virtually absent from the prescription with most observers suggesting there is a powerful placebo effect at play. The writer concludes that it would seem reasonable to assert that many general medicine practitioners could take a lesson from their homeopathic counterparts by paying more attention to establishing therapeutic relationships and a rapport with their patients rather than ruling out one possible cause after another without regard to what patients have to say about their personal concepts of the disease involved.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Methodology
Chapter 2: Background and Overview
Chapter 3: General Medicine Concepts of Disease
Chapter 4: Homeopathic Medicine Concepts of Disease
Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Christopher Boorse criticizes the idea that health and disease are evaluative concepts. In his view, this relativizing of the concepts leads to absurd consequences. Assume, for instance, that one defines disease in terms of unwanted things which are candidates for medical treatment. He claims that many recognized diseases are not really treatable. On the other hand, practices such as circumcision, termination of pregnancy or plastic surgery are not good reasons for considering the possession of foreskin, being pregnant or having ears that stick out to be diseases. Another possibility is that one invokes pain or suffering as a criterion for calling something a disease; however, Boorse emphasizes as well that medical textbooks frequently describe instances where the absence of subjective discomfort is accompanied by serious internal injury; by contrast, some people tend to experience severe pain and discomfort during entirely normal processes such as menstruation, teething and childbirth."
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Embryonic Stem Cell Research, 2008.
An informative discussion on the issues surrounding embryonic stem cell research.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses embryonic stem cell research and states that the advancements in genetic engineering and genomic science are on the verge of creating a revolutionary change in our approach to treating diseases. The paper also relates that stem cell research, in particular, has created new hopes for innumerable number of people suffering from organ failure. Stem cell research has opened new vistas in the field of medicine as tissue regeneration promises new hope for millions of people who suffer from organ failure due to a variety of diseases. The paper then warns that there are some ethical and moral issues surrounding stem cell research that threaten to impede further progress in the field. The paper analyzes these and other related developments.
Outline:
Introduction
Ethical Controversies
Legal Issues
Adult Stem Cells
Umbilical Cord Stem cells
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Compared to the controversies surrounding the embryonic stem cell research, umbilical cord stem cells hold no ethical or moral dilemma. Since there is no foetus or embryo involved in the process, and the very fact that the placenta is usually a biological waste, the case for cord stem cell research is very encouraging and without any controversies. Thus far, it was believed that stem cells derived from umbilical cord, being very few in number, could hardly be used in lieu of bone marrow transplant for adults. However, an interesting characteristic of cord stem cells is that they can proliferate rapidly unlike adult stem cells. Furthermore, immunological rejection is much less severe in the case of cord blood transplantation compared with Peripheral blood stem cell transplant or bone marrow transplant."
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Endangered Aquatic Species, 2008.
This paper focuses on the endangered aquatic species known as the shortnose sturgeon.
814 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the shortnose sturgeon is among the federally endangered aquatic species, which are protected by federal government
The paper relates that the shortnose sturgeon is regarded as one of the most successful recoveries of endangered species and will continue to be protected to the measure necessary to conserve its habitat and population. The paper adds that this will undoubtedly strengthen local economies and influence more protection measures of other declining aquatic species.
From the Paper
"The Shortnose Sturgeon, formally referred to as Acipenser brevirostrum, is among the federally endangered aquatic species, which are protected by federal government (SOCNFWR, 2007). The Shortnose Sturgeon is commonly found along the Connecticut River from Turners Falls, Massachusetts to the Long Island Sound. It is the smallest of three sturgeon species known to inhabit North America. These fish are known for their long life spans - known to exceed 65 years for females, and nearly 30 for males (Dadswell, 1984)."
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Speech Pathology and the Nervous System, 2008.
This paper discusses speech and language in adults with diseases of the central nervous system.
3,848 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that speech and language difficulties accompany a number of diseases of the central nervous system in adults. The writer points out that sometimes the speech difficulty might be the reason for seeking medical help, or it might be one of many factors that cause a person to seek medical attention. Speech difficulties might arise simultaneously with other symptoms, or they might arise at a different time. A myriad of problems fall under the category of speech and language difficulties. The writer discusses symptoms that range from slurred speech, slow speech and other problems that make it difficult to be understood to more serious difficulties, including a total loss of ability to speak at all. The writer looks at related causes, treatment and therapies. The writer maintains that regardless of the severity of the speech or language difficulty, or its cause, these problems make life difficult for patients and their caregivers.
Outline:
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Speech and Language Therapy in CNS Diseases
Role of the Speech Pathologist
Treatment
From the Paper
"Parkinson's Disease is a dysfunction of the neurotransmitters between the nerve cells. Parkinson's disease destroys brain cells, resulting in a shortage of dopamine. The first signs of Parkinson's are typically subtle, such as softer or slower speech. As the disease progresses, tremors begin, which eventually worsen until hey cause considerable difficulty performing everyday tasks. Treatments to replace dopamine can help to slow the disease.
"Brain injuries are typically not listed under the category of disease. However, they are included in this research because they can cause certain forms of neurological dysfunction that can have an effect of speech and language."
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Environmental Problems in Latin America, 2008.
This paper looks at the pressing environmental issues of genetically modified crop cultivation and deforestation in Latin America, as well as possible solutions.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Latin America has been struggling with some serious environmental concerns over the last two decades. Air and water pollution, pesticide abuse, soil degradation and deforestation are some of the pressing issues in this part of the world. Furthermore, this paper looks at the case of Argentina to see how the country, which has been struggling through an economic crisis, has seen the bitter end of an environmental catastrophe, and its efforts at redeeming the situation. The drastic effects of genetically modified crop cultivation (in particular GM Soya) and deforestation, the two most important environmental issues, are assessed in this essay.
Outline:
Introduction
GM Soya (A boon or Bane?)
Deforestation
Solutions to Environmental Problems
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The FSC, developed after the Rio Digenero summit in 1992, focused on the increased global requirement and the depletion of natural resources. FSC is a non-profit organization that offers environmentally sound solutions for managing forests around the world. Asides playing an active supporting role in developing the national and regional forest management standards, the FSC also works with local certifiers to ensure FSC compliance standards are met. In Argentina, the FSC is playing an active monitoring role, and thus the rapid deforestation activities from the paper and other industries, which were thus far unchecked, would now be carefully monitored and assessed for their environmental impact. The Success of the FSC initiative can be attested by the fact that six plantation companies in the country namely Santa Barbara SRL, Faplac, Fiplasto, Forestal Las Marias, Lipsia, Tabepicua, and the Union Bank of Switzerland have become FSC certified bringing a total forest area of around 131,000 hectares under the FSC certification process."
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Contact Dermatitis, 2008.
This paper discusses the medical issue of contact dermatitis and looks at the Irish laws in this regard for the protection of workers.
4,046 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a medical epidemiology and overview of contact dermatitis, while focusing on the risks and complications associated with contact dermatitis among workers in the construction industry. The writer pays attention to Irish laws in place meant to protect workers from exposure to irritants that may result in contact or allergic contact dermatitis. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the prevalence of contact dermatitis and looked at what actions may be necessary to mitigate risk or provide additional resources for those most at risk for contagion with this known disease.
Outline:
Introduction
Background to the Problem
Significance of Study
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Critical Evaluation Literature Related to Construction Industry and Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis, Construction and the Irish
Summary of Literature Review
From the Paper
"As more and more construction workers develop symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis, it is more important than ever that researchers focus on ways and methods they can prevent occupational hazards from reducing one's capacity to work or their quality of life. Among the important facts noted in the literature review is the increasing prevalence of contact dermatitis in Ireland and other areas where legislation has been slow to enforce some health and occupational acts that would protect workers from exposure to chemical irritants. Cited in this literature review are cases suggesting that Irish buildings and drinking water are among the primary causes for allergic or irritant contact dermatitis among workers and civilians alike. This serves to emphasize the need for a complete review of contact dermatitis, including its many forms, and an evaluation of the current legislation in place to assess its relevance and whether legislation needs to be improved to protect workers from developing debilitating forms of this condition."
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Effects of Pecan Nuts Ingestion on Plasma Levels, 2008.
An analysis of the increases and decreases of plasma levels following the ingestion of pecan nuts.
7,034 words (approx. 28.1 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 158.95
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Abstract
This research paper reviews the acute effects of pecan nuts ingestion on plasma levels of nutrients, polyphenols and biomarkers of antioxidant status. It specifically discusses whether, after the consumption of pecans, there is any increase in plasma polyphenol concentration. It also discusses when the peak concentration for polyphenols in plasma occurs, after consumption of a pecan-containing meal. The paper then looks at whether there is there any increase in plasma antioxidant capacity after consumption of pecans. Finally, the paper discusses whether there is any decrease in plasma lipid peroxidation after pecan consumption.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter One
Introduction
Statement Of The Problem
Purpose Of The Study
Research Questions
Chapter II
Literature Review
Introduction
Chemistry, Classification And Distribution
Phenolic Acids
Flavonoids
Lignans
Stillbenes
Tannins
Metabolism
Absorption And Bioavailability Of Polyphenols
Deconjunction And Reconjunction Of Polyphenols
Metabolism By Microflora In Colon
Polyphenol Excretion
Polyphenol Content Of Foods
Polyphenol Content Of Nuts, Pecans, & Other Nuts
Biological Effects Of Polyphenols
Analytical Procedure & Findings Of The Study
Assays
Review Of Postprandial Studies And Effect On Plasma Polyphenols
From the Paper
"The diet is abundant in polyphenols, which are micronutrients. Furthermore there is a great deal of evidence, which exists to demonstrate the role polyphenols play in prevention of certain diseases and including cancer. (Manach et al 2004) The amount consumed and absorbed is the factor that determines the effects to health of polyphenols. In making determination of the absorption of polyphenols following food intake there are two studies that are differential in nature and which are conducted on the basis of both direct and indirect proof of polyphenol availability. Plasma concentrations can provide individual or total polyphenols in plasma and can be measured through use of Folin-Ciocaltau (FC) assay. The Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) is a method used for measurement of the ferric reduction ability of plasma. The ferric tripyridytriazine complex at low pH results in reduction to the ferrous form. Test conditions are favorable to the complex reduction and the development of an intense blue color but only when a reductant or antioxidant is present. Linear rates in absorbance changes are noted over a range with antioxidant mixtures that is wide and includes both plasma and solutions that are inclusive of antioxidants."
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