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"Measuring the Cosmos", 2005.
A book review of "Measuring the Cosmos: How Scientists Discovered the Dimensions of the Universe" by David H. Clark and Matthew D. H. Clark.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a book review of David H. Clark and Matthew D. H. Clark's "Measuring the Cosmos: How Scientists Discovered the Dimensions of the Universe". It details the main aspects of this history as recorded in the book, and in the process takes the conclusion that the book is a celebration of the human passion for knowledge and the great debates that have accompanied scientific advance.
From the Paper
"Searching the Skies: A Book Review of Measuring the Cosmos: How Scientists Discovered the Dimensions of the Universe by David H. Clark and Matthew D. H. Clark Clark and Clark's book is a historiography of the timeless human debate into the fundamental question of "Why?" Why do we exist? Where do we come from? Ultimately, what is the nature of the universe around us? The book follows the careers of the great minds of astrology from early antiquity to the modern era, following science as it haphazardly pushes forth the limits of human comprehension."
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Ancient Observatories, 2005.
A discussion of ancient civilizations and the connection between astronomy and archeology.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how, through the ages, it has become evident that ancient civilizations had methods of creating structures that are unexplained, even to this day. The paper discusses how the manner in which astronomy affects archeology verifies this contention. The paper examines ancient observatories such as Chaco Canyon, Machu Picchu, and Chichen Itza, which have given science the means to explore the methods practiced by ancient societies in correlating the existence of their societies with the heavens.
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Artificial Intelligence: Past, Present, and Future, 2005.
A review of the history of artificial intelligence, where it stands today and what is predicted for the future.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development of research into artificial intelligence. It traces the roots of the discipline back to the 1950s when the term was first coined. The author traces the development of AI research into the present where researchers are struggling to create software that emulates human cognition. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the potential future implications of AI research.
From the Paper
"Achieving artificial intelligence is an accomplishment in computing that has enticed and frightened people for decades. But just how likely is that achievement? Examining the history of artificial intelligence studies as well as its present course and future implications should serve as a useful stepping off point for understanding both the promises and perils of artificial intelligence. In short, artificial intelligence research has progressed through a series of period over the past fifty years, each building on the last to drive the discipline closer to the realization of computational thought. It is only in recent years that we have begun to apply what has been learned and develop more finely tuned forms of artificial intelligence. The future for the discipline is, of course, uncertain."
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UFOs and Illegal Aliens, 2005.
A look at Unidentified Flying Objects and alien life as portrayed by the entertainment industry.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the concept and history of Unidentified Flying Objects, or UFOs, and the influence UFOs have had on the world entertainment, and the influence the world of entertainment has had on our perception of UFOs and alien life.
From the Paper
"Unidentified Flying Objects, (UFOs) were once only saucers tied to a string and filmed by an 8mm camera in the 1950s. By the 1970s they became a bit more believable when 'Close Encounters of the Third Kind' presented images of technologically advanced UFOs, with images fitting the preconceived idea of aliens driving them through the desert. Yet, by the time 'E.T.', (The Extraterrestrial) was presented in the 1980s society began to take a closer look at the phenomenon of the UFO, and many within it started to relate their personal experiences in sightings, abductions, meetings, and "close encounters". Today there is a vast array of television programming focused on UFOs, and the aliens who build them."
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"The Concept of Greater China", 2005.
A comparative analysis of Harry Harding's "The Concept of Greater China" and W. H. Overholt's analysis of the same development.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This is a position paper responding to Harry Harding's 1995 criticism of claims to a 'Greater China' which he explains to be an old and very questionable model. It follows with an outline of W. H. Overholt's very pro capitalist American analysis of the same development towards much assumption of the PRC capitalism and democracy and the automatic interest and unity of diverse overseas Chinese groups.
From the Paper
"Harry Harding's article, "The Concept of Greater China", points out several defects in this model, as well as informing the reader that such predictions have been made, in the past, due to an incomplete assessment of various factors. (1993) Economic reform in Mainland China, altered communications, or the rising visibility of Chinese communities, around the world, do not imply that the mythical concept of dazhonghua will be realized in the 21st century. As Harding correctly points out, the peoples that others refer to as "Chinese" share linguistic and cultural features and are from groups having left the Chinese mainland, at different points, through several centuries."
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Astronomy from Ptolemy to Galileo, 2005.
This paper studies science, in particular astronomy, making use of the book "Science without Limits" by James Perlman.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of science in terms of changes in astronomy from the time of Ptolemy to Galileo, based on the book "Science without Limits" by James Perlman. The writer notes how the ancients saw science as a form of philosophy, while by the time of Galileo, observation was being joined with experimentation to examine concepts and find the truth.
From the Paper
"The history of astronomy shows the development of science as a discipline from the ancient world to the Renaissance, from the time of Ptolemy to the time of Galileo. Over that period, astronomy began to shift from a philosophy to a science. Science in the ancient world was not created out of whole cloth and was based on observations and the application of reason. Mathematics were also used to develop ideas about the universe. Mathematics is itself an application of reason, though aspects of mathematics have also been developed through observation and testing. By the time of Galileo, however, science was gaining a more experimental structure, and Galileo himself tested many ideas directly. His astronomy was also based on observations, but he was able to observe more directly and closely with the telescope. Perlman notes that "science in large part . . . is a matter of testing assumptions"."
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The Sun, 2005.
This paper discusses how the sun is able to produce visible light.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the nature of the sun, the nature of light and how they are connected. The author points out that the connection lies in nuclear fusion, the process in the core of the sun by which incredible amounts of energy are produced during the fusion of hydrogen into helium. The paper relates that this energy exists across the EM spectrum, some of which is visible light.
From the Paper
"The process by which the sun produces visible light is truly one of the most awe-inspiring processes in the universe and is directly responsible for all life on this planet. Light itself is a form of electromagnetic radiation that the sun produces through the principle of incandescence - essentially because it's very hot (Introduction to light, 2003). But of course, the production of light is a much more complex process than just because it heats up. The process by which the sun produces light is connected to nuclear fusion and Einstein's famous equation, E=mc2."
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Gould and Creationism, 2004.
This paper compares the theories of Stephen Jay Gould and creationists.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the theories of Darwin revisionist Stephen Jay Gould and creationists. The paper explains the major beliefs of creationist thought and includes Gould's belief that creationism is a pseudo-science.
From the Paper
"Stephen Jay Gould's Non moral Nature. Stephen Jay Gould prior to his death was the Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology at Harvard University and has been described by Phillip E Johnson as a Darwinian revisionist, who rejects the tendency in Darwinian thought to insist on the absolute primacy of natural selection as a regulatory mechanism operating in the evolutionary process."
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The Newtonian Universe, 2004.
This paper studies the Newtonian Universe, laws of gravity, the development of calculus, the laws of motion and the idea of the clockwork universe.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Newtonian Universe, laws of gravity, the development of calculus, the laws of motion and the idea of the clockwork universe.
From the Paper
"Sir Isaac Newton was considered by many the most important figure in the development of modern science, and his accomplishments covered a broad scope, from fundamental contributions to physics and astronomy, to the invention in parallel with Liebnitz of the mathematical field of calculus and Newtonian mechanics which came to be regarded as the ultimate explanatory science. Sir Isaac Newton changed the understanding of the universe with his three laws of motion."
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Search for Extraterrestrial Life, 2005.
An overview of the Search for Extraterrestrial Life project and the technology it uses in its search for extraterrestrial life.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project and its search for extraterrestrial life via the capture and analysis of radio signals and use of cutting edge technology.
From the Paper
"Ever since ancient times, man has wondered about the existence of intelligent life on other planets. Speculation about what that life might be like has fueled the entire science fiction literary genre as well as a substantial number of movies, some of them excellent. Now, in the 21st Century, the search for extraterrestrial life has moved from the realm of science fiction into the realm of real science. New discoveries, new tools and cutting edge technologies have made the search for extraterrestrial life systematic, scholarly,..."
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