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Organic Architecture, 2007.
A discussion of organic architecture and the benefits of its use.
828 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the use of organic architecture allows man and nature to live side by side in a cohesive manner. The paper shows how organic architecture benefits society by its aesthetic looks and preservation of natural resources. The paper discusses how preserving resources is now necessary not only from an aesthetic point of view but also from a practical need standpoint for future generations. The paper includes a photo of the famous Fallingwater design, an example of the use of organic architecture.
Outline:
Introduction
What It Is
How It Benefits Society
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since the beginning of time mankind has searched out ways to live in harmony with nature. Whether it was using products that are environmentally friendly, being careful not to destroy resources that can be left alone or blending in to the scenery to create atheistic environments mankind has tried to maintain a peaceful partnership with nature. The use of organic architecture allows man and nature to live side by side in a cohesive manner."
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"Wave Hill", 2006.
An artistic view of "Wave Hill" and the Hudson River School.
2,558 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Wave Hill, a nineteenth century mansion set invitingly among trees and flowers in the northwest Bronx, looking out over the sparkling Hudson River and beyond, toward the towering cliffs of the Palisades. According to the paper, Wave Hill is among the last survivors of the great houses that once lined the banks of the Hudson from the Island of Manhattan to far upstate.
From the Paper
"Others, including one of Wave Hill's most famous guests/residents, Theodore Roosevelt, took away a different, and more wide-reaching, message from the Hudson River School's attempts to capture nature in her glory and decline. The Roosevelt Family rented Wave Hill for a number of summers in the 1870s. Thus, the house was familiar to Theodore Roosevelt as a young man. Clearly, its beautiful setting helped to shape his adult views in regard to the natural world. Theodore Roosevelt would later travel widely in the United States, and around the globe, visiting many remote places hardly touched by the hands of human beings. On his journeys, Roosevelt witnessed nature in all her purity, in places that most residents of gigantic cities, like New York, would never visit. Though these locations were far from the ever-expanding realm of industries, and hundreds or even thousands of miles away from the dark and crowded tenements of Manhattan and Brooklyn, Roosevelt realized that they represented an aspect of the Earth that needed to be preserved. Roosevelt, schooled literally in the lessons of Wave Hill, and growing up in the shadow of the Hudson River School, would become a leading advocate of the Conservation Movement. "
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The History of Skyscrapers, 2007.
A look at Manhattan's golden age of skyscrapers; 1910 to 1930.
3,153 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the skyscrapers of Manhattan were built for several reasons, including limited land, but also to show off power and wealth. The paper discusses how many skyscrapers there were in Manhattan by 1930 and whether there were concerns expressed about the impact of skyscrapers on the city and its people. The paper looks at how land values were affected by the boom in Manhattan skyscrapers and explores what it was like to work on the skyscrapers in Manhattan in the early 1900s. The paper notes that urban America will likely never see an architectural explosion like that again.
Outline:
How Many Skyscrapers Were There in Manhattan by 1930?
Were There Concerns Expressed about the Impact of Skyscrapers on the City and its People?
How Were Land Values Affected by the Boom in Manhattan Skyscrapers? What Was it Like to Work on the Skyscrapers in Manhattan in the Early 1900s?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The skyscrapers of Manhattan were built for several reasons; the most pragmatic reason of course, was that the New York City (Manhattan) land area was very limited, and buildings had nowhere to go but up. Other pivotal reasons for the emergence of skyscrapers, according to author Karen Barss (www.infoplease.com), include these: "...big buildings have been used to show off power and wealth"; there has been shown in cities a need to "...stretch the limits of what's possible"; and there was a sense of "competition among owners, families, architects, and builders.""
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The Achievements of Luis Barragan, 2007.
This paper looks at the legendary architecture of Luis Barragan, a Mexican architect.
4,064 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Luis Barragan is famous for his architecture that seeks to use light, water and open natural spaces in order to portray the Mexican culture in a contemporary, but non-conforming way. The paper relates that one of the crowning achievements for Barragan was winning the international Pritzker Prize for Architecture in 1980. The paper explains Barragan's objectives of blending his surroundings within their natural element, adding bright colors to enhance the setting, having beautiful serene gardens in which the resident's could enjoy life and always having his designs show their Latin American connections.
From the Paper
"Luis Barragan's development and reformulation of Mexican architecture was an endless artistic search for a contemporary expression of Mexican culture" (Underwood). Beginning in the 1920's and continuing all the way until Barragan's death in 1988, his quest for this contemporary expression led him to many different countries, cultures and to interact with many different people from various walks of life, especially those individuals who were artistic or were, themselves, striving to leave their artistic mark on society. Barragan was able to accomplish that objective which is evident by the works of architecture he left behind."
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"Taliesin West", 2007.
An analysis of the architectural principles of Frank Lloyd Wright's "Taliesin West," as viewed by Andrea Palladio.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Frank Lloyd Wright's home and studio, entitled "Taliesin West," as seen through the eyes and artistic principles of the Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio. The paper describes the building and then discusses how Wright's use of asymmetry and rough-hewn materials would not appeal to Palladio's architectural principles.
From the Paper
"It might be objected that Palladio was not entirely anti-natural in his material and design and thus may have objected less strenuously to Wright's work than might be alleged. It is true gardens were important to Palladio's works, and the outdoors and the space of the composition are integrated into many of Palladio's designs. However, in balancing the relationship between the exterior and the interior, proportionality was always key, as was to make the Roman designs seem spacious and airy. His most famous work, the Palazzo Godi at Lonedo (1540) above all makes use of a balanced composition of mass, is dignified in detail, and uses the light and the space in a way that draws attention to the architect's fundamental design, not causes the gazer to look differently at the natural world. To gaze upon Wright's "Taliesin West" changes not simply one's view of what architecture should accomplish--one never looks at nature the same way again, either. One sees human dwellings at one with nature, rather than resisting its effects, as was common in classical and Renaissance works of architecture."
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Persian and Greek Architecture, 2007.
A comparison of Persian (Achaemenid period) and Classical Greek
architecture.
1,368 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the architecture of two ancient civilizations, the Persians and the Greeks. The paper examines the architecture of Pasargadae, the metropolis that became a dynastic symbol of power and reverence following the establishment of the great complex at Persepolis during the reign of Darius I between 521 and 486 B.C.E. The paper explores how the architectural styles of the Achaemenid period are comparable to those found in ancient Greece, especially during the Classical period. The paper details the structure of the Parthenon.
From the Paper
"Architecturally, the buildings of Pasargadae were constructed at varying distances from each other with the major palaces built in a huge walled complex irrigated by water channels. The main palace of Cyrus could be entered through a monumental gateway with carvings of winged bulls on either side. Within this compound, two rectangular structures with columned porches and an immense internal area filled with more columns could be found, all composed of black and white limestone (Pope, 1965, 85). The reliefs which have remained suggests that the figures represented the apotropaic monsters of Assyrian origin; others included the heads of lions, horses and goats. Overall, the mud-brick walls were painted, possibly with diagonal stripes and spirals or red, blue and white."
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Art Museum, 2007.
A discussion about various mediums of artwork, their history and where they can be found today.
2,818 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper describes many pieces of art that were selected because of unique aspects they brought to the world of art. The paper discusses the history of each piece of art and where it can be found today. It concludes by discussing why each piece was chosen for this paper and looks briefly into cross-cultural currents and trans-historical connections.
Table of Contents:
Classical Greek
Hellenistic Art
Etruscan Civilization Art
Republican Rome
Roman Empire
Islamic Civilization Art
Early Chinese
Japanese Civilizations
Gothic
Late Middle Ages
Baroque
Summary
Cultural Cross-currents
Trans-historical Connections
From the Paper
"Each piece in the museum collection was selected because of unique aspects it brought to the world of art. The Aphrodite of Arles, the first piece in the museum, had a dramatic and lasting impact on Western Art. It was the first depiction of a nude female sculpture and set the standard of the female nude in Western Art. The Aphrodite of Arles paved the way for the second piece in the collection, the Aphrodite of Melos. The Aphrodite of Melos is probably the most famous piece in the collection. She was chosen for her beauty. The Aphrodite of Melos may be the best example of Hellenistic sculpture, or possibly the best example of any classical art form. However, the Aphrodite of Melos was also chosen because of the power of propaganda; her enduring popularity owes as much to an intense French publicity campaign as to her true artistic merit. I chose the Cenatur from Vulci, Nenfro, because of its contrast with the two other Greco-Roman sculptures in the collection. Not only is the Cenatur male, he is also made of stone. The coarseness of his material increases the contrast between the Cenatur and the smoothness of the marble Aphrodite sculptures."
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Architectural Literature, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts Sai Mustafa Celebi's "Memoir of Sinan the Architect" and Andrea Palladio's "Four Books on Architecture."
1,037 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Palladio was informed by the Western, classical tradition of thought which is demonstrated in his style as well as in his subject material. Sinan's biographer, however, relied on a more fluid and poetic Eastern tradition in both description and focus. The paper examines how, influenced by the burgeoning Italian Renaissance of the time, Palladio's treatise is a critical examination of classical architecture. "Memoirs of Sinan," however, represents a holistic examination of the architect's life. The paper reveals that due to the fact that Palladio's text is written in a very familiar style, researchers and students might well have the tendency to focus on it while ignoring the more complex and holistic text about an architect from Turkey.
From the Paper
"To begin with, consider Andrea Palladio and his Four Books of Architecture. Palladio is one of the most famous Western architects. He constructed buildings of many types in Venice and other parts of Italy during his lifetime, 1508-1580. His Four Books on Architecture was printed in Venice in 1570 and describes a variety of aspects of classical architecture, as it was known at the time. Book I examines the preparations necessary for architectural construction as well as materials employed. Book II discusses ancient Greek and Roman private houses. Book III describes public works and civic architecture, while Books IV is specifically devoted to a discussion of ancient Roman temples and places of religious worship."
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The Art of India, 2007.
This short paper briefly describes the art of India, highlighting painting, sculpture and architecture.
838 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This short paper explores both the art of India and the mysticism behind this art. The author describes the purposes of Indian art, citing the religious and philosophical meanings intertwined within a work. Several architectural landmarks are presented, including the complex of temples at Khajuraho. Specific styles of painting are also described.
From the Paper
" The most prominent feature of Indian art is that it does not attempt a representation of the immediate reality as such, nor does it bring merely aesthetic figurations of it, but that its substance is always blended with the religions and philosophies of India, and therefore pervaded with rich symbolism, with a sum of philosophical concepts and many divine characters. This is why artistic objects in India serve usually more than one purpose - the temples, for example, are not, in terms of style, merely architectural forms, but are closer to sculpture. Also the stupas , were originally small burial or reliquary places , but they are also cosmic diagrams by the special elements of their construction such as the harmika symbolizing the heaven of the thirty three gods , and the yasti , as the axis of the universe , rising through the harmika ,and thus uniting the world with the paradise above."
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Building Types and Structures, 2006.
This paper discusses the type and structure of several buildings from many ages, locations and functions.
3,295 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Cathedral of Florence in Italy; the Thirumalai Nayak Palace in Madurai, India; the Empire State Building in New York City, United States of America, which is one the precursors of the great skyscrapers or high-rises of the world; the Louvre Museum in Paris and the designer hospitals of today, using as an example the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America. The author points out that the analysis of these structures is based on the structure's history, its design and architecture, the cost that the people of the country incurred when they were constructing it and the time that it took to complete. The paper concludes that the design and the principles of a structure are vitally important to the basic effectiveness of the building. The paper includes many illustrations and a graph.
From the Paper
"What this entailed was that the entire structure could be built without a need for scaffolding at the bottom. Reinforcements of iron and tension chains of stone were also utilized for the construction of the Dome, and finally, it was completed in 1436. Now Bruneschelli required a lantern to be fixed over the Dome, and his design was for an octagonal lantern with eight radiating buttresses, and eight high arched windows. The work on the lantern was completed after the architect's death, by Verocchio in 1469, and it was designed later to contain holy relics."
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